Cytometric evaluation of intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in thyroid follicular cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases

Bossowski, Artur; Harasymczuk, Jerzy; Moniuszko, Anna; Bossowska, Anna; Hilczer, Maciej

doi:10.1186/1756-6614-4-13

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…6 The elevated expression of IL-4 has been previously reported among patients with HT, which may explain the increased expression of GATA 3 among these patients. 29 However, no significant difference was noted between HT patients and the control group in the current study regarding expression of the T-bet/GATA 3 ratio; this suggests that both Th1 and Th2 cell-related immune responses may contribute to the pathogenesis of HT. Qin et al demonstrated increased expression of Th1-related cytokines in both the thyroid gland and PBMCs of HT patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Imbalances in T Cell-Related Transcription Factors Among Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Safdari¹,

Alijani²,

Nemati³

et al. 2017

SQUMJ

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abstract:Objectives: Imbalances in effector T cell functioning have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Differentiation of effector T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) lymphocytes is regulated by transcription factors, including Th1-specific T box (T-bet), GATA binding protein-3 (GATA 3 ), retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-α and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). This study aimed to investigate Th1/Th2, Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg balances at the level of these transcription factors. Methods: This study took place between October 2015 and August 2016. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from a control group of 40 healthy women recruited from the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, and a patient group of 40 women with HT referred to the Hazrat Ali Asghar Hospital, Zahedan. Total ribonucleic acid extraction was performed and the gene expression of transcription factors was quantitated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: Expression of T-bet and GATA 3 was significantly elevated, while FOXP3 expression was significantly diminished among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Expression of RORα was higher among HT patients, although this difference was not significant (P = 0.15). Expression of T-bet/FOXP3, GATA 3 /FOXP3 and RORα/FOXP3 ratios were increased among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P <0.02, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). Conclusion: These results indicate that HT patients have imbalances in Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg lymphocytes at the level of the transcription factors, deviating towards Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Correction of these imbalances may therefore be therapeutic. Keywords

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Imbalances in T Cell-Related Transcription Factors Among Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Safdari¹,

Alijani²,

Nemati³

et al. 2017

SQUMJ

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“…Both immune cells and thyroid cells themselves secrete IFN-γ in HT, and it may be responsible for the continuation of the inflammatory process within the thyroid gland ( 18 , 19 ). So it could reasonably be proposed that IFNs are an important pathogenic factor in salivary gland hypofunction in HT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Xerostomia and salivary flow rate in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Agha‐Hosseini

Shirzad²,

Moosavi³

2016

Med Oral

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BackgroundOne of the most common causes of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto´s Thyroiditis (HT). Early detection of dry mouth is critical in preserving and promoting systemic and oral health. In this study we have assessed, for the first time, salivary function and xerostomia in HT patients who have not been involved with Sjögren´s syndrome.Material and MethodsHT was diagnosed in 40 patients based on clinical findings and positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO). Controls, matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI), and with no history of thyroid disease, were selected. A questionnaire was used for diagnosis of xerostomia. Saliva samples were taken between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m., and at least 2 hours after the last intake of food or drink. The flow rate was calculated in milliliters per minute.ResultsXerostomia was significantly higher in patients with HT. Unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly lower in the HT group. Stimulated salivary flow rate was lower in HT group, but the difference was not significant.ConclusionsThe patients with HT experienced xerostomia, and their salivary flow rate was diminished. Spitting the saliva then assessing salivary flow rate based on milliliter per minute is non-invasive, fast, and simple for chair-side diagnosis of dry mouth. Autoimmune diseases can be accompanied by salivary gland dysfunction. This may be due to the effect of cytokines in the autoimmune process or because of thyroid hormone dysfunctions. Key words:Thyroid, salivary gland, xerostomia.

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“…The oncogenes activated in thyroid carcinomas, including RET/PTC, RAS and BRAF, which trigger the MAPK cascade, can induce a cell-autonomous proinflammatory transcriptional program in thyrocytes, which includes expression of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors (7). Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, are important inflammatory mediators of these processes (8,9). TNF-α and IFN-γ are pleiotropic cytokines expressed in various types of tumor cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment, exerting a variety of pro-tumoral activities in solid tumors (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, induce EMT in human PTC cell lines

Gao

Guan

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, promote adverse outcomes in numerous types of cancer; however, their role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of TNF-α and IFN-γ on the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the three PTC cell lines, TPC-1, BCPAP and K1. The effect of TNF-α and IFN-γ on cell migration and invasion was assessed by wound-healing and Transwell assays. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the EMT makers, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin, were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblot analysis. The wound-healing and Transwell experiments revealed that TNF-α and IFN-γ increased the migratory and invasive behavior of PTC cells (P<0.05). RT-qPCR revealed that TNF-α and IFN-γ downregulated E-cadherin mRNA, while they upregulated N-cadherin and vimentin mRNA expression levels. These results were further confirmed by the immunoblot analysis. The results of the present study suggest that TNF-α and IFN-γ induce EMT and malignant progression in human PTC cells.

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Cytometric evaluation of intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in thyroid follicular cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Imbalances in T Cell-Related Transcription Factors Among Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Imbalances in T Cell-Related Transcription Factors Among Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Evaluation of Xerostomia and salivary flow rate in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, induce EMT in human PTC cell lines

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