Cytonemes and the dispersion of morphogens

Kornberg, Thomas B.

doi:10.1002/wdev.151

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(309 reference statements)

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“…A combination of genetics and live imaging of a labelled BMP receptor that can be seen moving along these structures indicates that nanotubes are essential for the transmission of at least one short-range signal from the niche to neighboring GSCs. Future work will be required to determine whether similar microtubule-based structures, perhaps in combination with the more long-distance, actin-based filopodia that have been described in developmental contexts [34, 35], are important in other systems where specific and localized signaling is essential for maintaining proper stem cell numbers.…”

Section: Imaging Dynamic Stem Cell-niche Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live imaging of stem cells: answering old questions and raising new ones

Park

Greco

Cockburn

2016

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

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Stem cells are essential for both tissue maintenance and injury repair, but many aspects of stem cell biology remain incompletely understood. Recent advances in live imaging technology have allowed the direct visualization and tracking of a wide variety of tissue-resident stem cells in their native environments over time. Results from these studies have helped to resolve long-standing debates about stem cell regulation and function while also revealing previously unanticipated phenomena that raise new questions for future work. Here we review recent discoveries of both types, with a particular emphasis on how stem cells behave and interact with their niches during homeostasis, as well as how these behaviours change in response to wounding.

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Section: Imaging Dynamic Stem Cell-niche Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live imaging of stem cells: answering old questions and raising new ones

Park

Greco

Cockburn

2016

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

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“…Cytonemes and cytoneme-like filopodial projections are abundant in developing tissues of vertebrate and invertebrate models [27, 28]. Almost all families of signaling proteins, including Hedgehog, EGF, WNT/Wingless, Notch/Delta, and FGF [29] are now reported to be localized in cytonemes or cytoneme-like cell projections [30–35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Cytonemes in Drosophila Embryos

Roy

2018

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Conserved morphogenetic signaling proteins disperse across tissues to generate signal and signaling gradients, which in turn are considered to assign positional coordinates to the recipient cells. Recent imaging studies in Drosophila model have provided evidence for a “direct-delivery” mechanism of signal dispersion that is mediated by specialized actin-rich signaling filopodia, named cytonemes. Cytonemes establish contact between the signal-producing and target cells to directly exchange and transport the morphogenetic proteins. Although an increasing amount of evidence supports the critical role of these specialized signaling structures, imaging these highly dynamic 200 nm-thin structures in the complex three-dimensional contour of living tissues is challenging. Here, we describe the imaging methods that we optimized for studying cytonemes in Drosophila embryos.

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“…In the cytoneme model, the morphogen is transported by filopodia‐like structures called cytonemes (Ramirez‐Weber & Kornberg , ; Sato & Kornberg ; Hsiung et al . ; Kornberg , ; Roy et al . ; Stanganello & Scholpp ).…”

Section: Morphogen‐dependent D–v Axis Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of pattern formations and morphogen gradients

Inomata

2017

Dev Growth Differ

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The concentration gradient of morphogens provides positional information for an embryo and plays a pivotal role in pattern formation of tissues during the developmental processes. Morphogen-dependent pattern formations show robustness despite various perturbations. Although tissues usually grow and dynamically change their size during histogenesis, proper patterns are formed without the influence of size variations. Furthermore, even when the blastula embryo of Xenopus laevis is bisected into dorsal and ventral halves, the dorsal half of the embryo leads to proportionally patterned half-sized embryos. This robustness of pattern formation despite size variations is termed as scaling. In this review, I focused on the morphogen-dependent dorsal-ventral axis formation in Xenopus and described how morphogens form a proper gradient shape according to the embryo size.

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Cytonemes and the dispersion of morphogens

Cited by 72 publications

References 130 publications

Live imaging of stem cells: answering old questions and raising new ones

Live imaging of stem cells: answering old questions and raising new ones

Imaging Cytonemes in Drosophila Embryos

Scaling of pattern formations and morphogen gradients

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