Cytopathology of pediatric malignancies: Where are we today with fine‐needle aspiration biopsies in pediatric oncology?

Teot, Lisa A.

doi:10.1002/cncy.21401

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…FNAC has been used as a pathologic diagnostic procedure for over 60 years and has been proven to be an inexpensive, prompt, accurate and less technically demanding way of obtaining a specimen for diagnosis[ 8 – 12 ].Due to its simplicity, low complication rate, cost effectiveness and high patient acceptance, FNAC is a valuable tool in RLC where other diagnostic modalities are limited. FNAC provides a definitive tissue diagnosis to fill in the gap for many diagnostic dilemmas[ 8 – 12 ] especially when used in conjunction with cell block and IHC studies. In some countries, FNAC has been approved as the first line diagnostic tool for palpable superficial lesions[ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of fine needle aspiration cytology at Kamuzu central hospital

Khan¹,

Liomba

Rosenberg³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been widely accepted to be a safe, accurate, prompt and inexpensive procedure for diagnosis of both neoplastic and infectious diseases in adult and pediatric populations. Despite its value for diagnosis, FNAC is underutilized in resource limited countries. We reviewed the utilization of FNAC after it was introduced at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH).MethodsA retrospective review of all FNAC performed at KCH laboratory during the period of January 2012 to July 2014 was conducted using an electronic database from KCH laboratory. We evaluated factors associated with a diagnostic sample using multivariate logistic regression model.Results750 FNAC were reviewed from 722 patients: 56.9% were adults >15 years and 54% were female. The number of FNAC increased annually from 56 (2012) to 379 (2013) to 315 (up to July 2014). Of 750 FNAC, 56.4% were performed by non-pathologists. The most common sites were lymph nodes (38.1%), abdomen (25.8%), breast (16.3%), and head & neck (15.7%). Most of the samples (77.6%) were diagnostic. FNAC was more likely to be diagnostic if performed by pathologists versus non-pathologists (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.20–2.64), in 2013 compared to 2012 (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.05–3.56), or performed on a deep lesion versus a subcutaneous lesion (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.15–2.5), or if samples were taken from the head and neck (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.39–4.39), and abdomen (OR 2.66, 95%CI1.59–4.42) compared to those from the lymph nodes. The odds of a diagnostic test did not differ significantly according to gender, HIV status, or age groups.ConclusionMost FNACs successfully diagnosed the presence or absence of disease, with substantial improvements over time. However, training for non-pathologists may facilitate more diagnostic results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of fine needle aspiration cytology at Kamuzu central hospital

Khan¹,

Liomba

Rosenberg³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…This is likely due to the fact that hematopoietic neoplasms are quite common in young patients, comprising 30-45% of all childhood malignancies [9,10]. As in other studies [11,12,13,14], most of these FNA were from lesions in the head and neck and were diagnostic of benign/reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with cellular polymorphous lymphocytes, tingible body macrophages, and dendritic cells [9,10]. The exact etiology in the majority of cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is unknown [15,16]; however, some malignancies such as Hodgkin lymphoma can have a heterogeneous or benign background, which can make the diagnosis challenging [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Utilization of Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens

Silowash

Pantanowitz²,

Craig³

et al. 2016

Acta Cytologica

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Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) coupled with flow cytometry (FC) can be helpful in suspicious pediatric lymph nodes or masses to exclude a lymphoproliferative disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze FC findings in a series of pediatric FNAs and to correlate abnormal findings with follow-up information. Materials and Methods: All pediatric FNAs performed at a tertiary-care children's hospital over a 46-month period that had FC performed were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with follow-up. Results: A total of 163 FNA procedures were performed in children (age ≤21 years), and 47 (28.8%) of these cases had FC performed. Specimens were mostly obtained from the head and neck (72.3% of cases). Nine cases (19.1%) had abnormal FC findings, including double-negative T cells (n = 3; 33.3%), double-positive T cells (n = 3; 33.3%), excess λ light chains (n = 1; 11.1%), weak CD34 positivity (n = 1; 11.1%), and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 1; 11.1%). Conclusion: Unusual FC results that are not diagnostic of malignancy can be seen in lymph node FNA in a minority of young patients. In our series, these findings were seen mainly in small populations of T cells and occurred primarily in the setting of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia or ectopic thymic tissue. Cytopathologists performing FNA on children should be aware of these abnormalities and, although they may warrant further investigation and follow-up, they are unlikely to be associated with malignancy.

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“…Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney is immunoreactive for CD99 and negative for WT1 [15]. Metanephric adenoma is positive for WT1 and negative for EMA [16]. Compared to these neoplasias, RO neither express neuroendocrine markers, nor WT1 and CD99.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to these neoplasias, RO neither express neuroendocrine markers, nor WT1 and CD99. Solid variant of papillary RCC is positive for EMA and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and negative for WT1 [16]. The latter immunoprofile is also consistent with RO, however, papillary RCC is mostly positive for vimentin and RCC antigen, which are usually negative in RO [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Cell Variant of Renal Oncocytoma – a Case Report of Unusual Histopathologic Entity

Bartoš

2017

Galician med. j.

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Renal oncocytoma (RO) accounts for 3-7% of all renal cells tumors. It typically consistes of large eosinophilic cells (oncocytes) with abundant cytoplasm, which constitute the crucial diagnostic feature. In 2001, the Czeck authors first described an unusual small cell variant of RO and untill now, only a few reports of such cases have been published. In the current article, the author presents an additional new case. 40-year old male with macroscopic hematuria as a clinical symptom was diagnosed to have solitary tumor in the upper third of the right kidney. He underwent a nephrectomy. On light microscopy, the tumor was predominantly composed of uniform small cells ( " oncoblasts") with scant cytoplasm, hyperchromic nuclei and high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. In addition, it also contained characteristic oncocytes typical for oncocytoma. Tumor was strongly immunoreactive for EMA, sporadically positive for CK7 and negative for RCC antigen, vimentin, S100, WT1, chromogranin and synaptophysin. Proliferative activity did not exceed 1% and mitotic activity was virtually absent. No necrosis or aggressive growth features were found. The spectrum of histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings was consistent with a diagnosis of small cell variant of RO. The author focus on histopathological aspects and differential diagnostic pitfalls of this unique lesion.

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Cytopathology of pediatric malignancies: Where are we today with fine‐needle aspiration biopsies in pediatric oncology?

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Utilization of fine needle aspiration cytology at Kamuzu central hospital

Utilization of fine needle aspiration cytology at Kamuzu central hospital

Utilization of Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens

Small Cell Variant of Renal Oncocytoma – a Case Report of Unusual Histopathologic Entity

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