Cytoprotective Encapsulation of Individual Jurkat T Cells within Durable TiO₂ Shells for T‐Cell Therapy

Abstract

Lymphocytes,such as Tcells and natural killer (NK) cells,have therapeutic promise in adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy, where the cells are activated and expanded in vitro and then infused into ap atient. However,t he in vitro preservation of labile lymphocytes during transfer,m anipulation, and storage has been one of the bottlenecks in the development and commercialization of therapeutic lymphocytes.Herein, we suggest ac ell-in-shell (or artificial spore) strategy to enhance the cell viability in the practical settings,w hile maintaining biological activities for therapeutic efficacy.Adurable titanium oxide (TiO 2 )s hell is formed on individual Jurkat Tc ells,a nd the CD3 and other antigens on cell surfaces remain accessible to the antibodies.I nterleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion is also not hampered by the shell formation. This work suggests achemical toolbox for effectively preserving lymphocytes in vitro and developing the lymphocyte-based cancer immunotherapy.

Hybrid Alginate@TiO2 Porous Microcapsules as a Reservoir of Animal Cells for Cell Therapy

“…TiBALDH, a water stable molecule, can serve as a precursor in the synthesis of titania. With the assistance of long chain polyamines, such as PLL, PDDAC, or amine-terminated dendrimers, TiBALDH hydrolyzes and condenses into titania (Figure B), which has been reported as a promising material-coating approach. ,,,,, The formed titania indicates an anatase phase according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern (Figure S1). Compared with the sol–gel processes of alkoxytitanium, the titania synthesis using TiBALDH avoids the formation of cytotoxic short-chain alcohols, which makes TiBALDH a potential biocompatible titania precursor in the formation of hybrid microcapsules for cell encapsulation.…”

“…Titania-based materials usually involve improved pH stability, thermal resistance, and mechanical strength. Moreover, they show high biocompatibility toward living bodies, which has been confirmed by implanting a titania-based drug delivery system into living rats or interfacing cells surface for advanced functionalization. − These promising properties indicate the possible use of titania in cell encapsulation approaches. The combination of alginate microcapsules and a crust-containing TiO 2 , which are desired to be more stable than SiO 2 , could be a solution to improve the long-term use of the hybrid microcapsules for cell therapy with high efficiency.…”

Manganese Dioxide Nanozymes as Responsive Cytoprotective Shells for Individual Living Cell Encapsulation

“…Owing to the preservation of cell viability and functionality in harsh environments, the single cell encapsulation technique has exhibited its potential in a multiplicity of fields, such as biocatalysis, cell‐based sensors, and therapy . Various coating shells including silica (SiO 2 ), calcium phosphates (CaP), polymers, as well as metal coordination complexes have been widely exploited to shield cells from hostile stressors and external environments.…”

Hydrogen Bonding‐Based Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Nature‐Derived Eggshell Membrane Hydrolysates and Coffee Melanoidins in Single‐Cell Nanoencapsulation

“…Single-cell nanoencapsulation (SCNE) is a chemical strategy for sustaining a living cell's viability and functions under otherwise lethal conditions by providing a cytoprotective sheath. [1][2][3][4] The cells encapsulated in the artificial shells acquire enhanced resistance against a multitude of stressors: lytic enzymes, [5,6] cationic polymers, [7,8] silver nanoparticles, [9] UV irradiation, [10,11] heat, [12] osmotic pressure, [13] and centrifugal force, [14] and others. [15] SCNE's cytoprotective characteristics suggest its great potential in various application sectors, including biosensors, bioreactors, microbial fuel cells, and cell therapy.…”