“…No randomised controlled trials or prospective non-randomised comparative studies were identifi ed. Eight studies assessed local treatments of metastases from renal cell carcinoma in various organs, 12,24,26,27,[29][30][31][32] of which the most common sites were lung, bone, liver, and brain, and less common sites were pancreas, adrenal gland, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, spleen, ethmoid sinus, and skin (table 1). Other studies also assessed local treatments for metastases from renal cell carcinoma in bone (including the vertebrae), 33 29 used treatment beforehand.…”