Cytoskeletal Changes During Oogenesis And Early Development Of Xenopus Laevis

Wylie, Christopher; Heasman, Janet; Parke, Judith M.; Anderton, BH; Tang, Peter

doi:10.1242/jcs.1986.supplement_5.21

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…At least, two types of intermediate filament are closely associated with germ plasm. These include a large amount of vimentin, which is colocalized with germ plasm (Godsave, Anderton, Heasman, & Wylie, 1984; Torpey, Heasman, & Wylie, 1990; Wylie, Brown, Godsave, Quarmby, & Heasman, 1985; Wylie, Heasman, Parke, Anderton, & Tang, 1986), and a well-developed network of cytokeratin filaments that can be easily detected in the vegetal cortex and subcortex (Gard, 1999; Kloc, Bilinski, & Dougherty, 2007; Kloc et al, 2005; Torpey, Heasman, & Wylie, 1992). Ultrastructural analysis reveals that some germ-plasm islands are surrounded and penetrated by the long cytokeratin filaments (Kloc et al, 2007).…”

Section: Germ-plasm Rnas and Cytoskeletal Dynamics: Stage VI Oocytementioning

confidence: 99%

The Xenopus Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition from the Perspective of the Germline

Yang

Agüero

King

2015

Current Topics in Developmental Biology

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In Xenopus, the germline is specified by the inheritance of germ-plasm components synthesized at the beginning of oogenesis. Only the cells in the early embryo that receive germ plasm, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), are competent to give rise to the gametes. Thus, germ-plasm components continue the totipotent potential exhibited by the oocyte into the developing embryo at a time when most cells are preprogrammed for somatic differentiation as dictated by localized maternal determinants. When zygotic transcription begins at the mid-blastula transition, the maternally set program for somatic differentiation is realized. At this time, genetic control is ceded to the zygotic genome, and developmental potential gradually becomes more restricted within the primary germ layers. PGCs are a notable exception to this paradigm and remain transcriptionally silent until the late gastrula. How the germ-cell lineage retains full potential while somatic cells become fate restricted is a tale of translational repression, selective degradation of somatic maternal determinants, and delayed activation of zygotic transcription.

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Section: Germ-plasm Rnas and Cytoskeletal Dynamics: Stage VI Oocytementioning

confidence: 99%

The Xenopus Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition from the Perspective of the Germline

Yang

Agüero

King

2015

Current Topics in Developmental Biology

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“…Thus, additional instructional cues necessary to carry out the normal program of muscle and notochord cell differentiation are absent in β‐catenin morphants. The non–cell‐autonomous function of β‐catenin signaling has also been shown in rescue experiments in which β‐catenin mRNA injected into specific blastomeres of β‐catenin–depleted embryos induced neighboring cells to form axial structures (Wylie et al,1986). One explanation for the non–cell‐autonomous disruption of development may be β‐catenin's dual role in transcription and adhesion (Brembeck et al,2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Embryonic cells depleted of β‐catenin remain competent to differentiate into dorsal mesodermal derivatives

Chu

Afonin

Gustin

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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Disruption of axis specification leads to defects in dorsal tissue patterning and cell movements. Here, we examine how ␤-catenin coordinately affects gastrulation movements and dorsal mesoderm differentiation. The reduction of ␤-catenin protein levels by morpholino oligonucleotides complementary to ␤-catenin mRNA causes a disruption in gastrulation movements. Time-lapse imaging of ␤-catenin morphants during gastrulation reveals that involution occurs simultaneously around the blastopore in the absence of convergent extension cell movements. Transplantation experiments show that morphant cells grafted from the marginal zone into wild-type hosts differentiate into notochord and muscle. However, wild-type mesoderm cells grafted to the marginal zone of ␤-catenin morphants do not form dorsal tissues. These data argue that ␤-catenin is not required for the initial establishment of dorsal mesoderm cell competency, but it is required for the maintenance of that competency. We propose that tissue interactions that occur during convergent extension movements are necessary for maintaining dorsal tissue competency. Developmental Dynamics 236:3007-3019, 2007.

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“…It seems likely, therefore, that the localized mRNAs may be responsible for the heterogeneity in the distributions of their products in the oocyte. The mRNAs are localized, however, quite differently from the known organelles and known proteins, such as mitochondria (9,15,36), pigment granules (9,15), yolk platelets (7,15), cytoskeletal proteins (5,12,13,22,29,38,39), ribosomes and elongation factor l a (EF-la) (37). In this context, it is likely that cytoplasmically localized ptoteins are distributed in oocytes and eggs along the animalvegetal axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Formation of the Animal‐Vegetal Axis during Xenopus Oogenesis Using Monoclonal Antibodies

Tabata¹,

Kawahara²,

Amano³

1992

Dev Growth Differ

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Maternally accumulated materials in Xenopus oocytes, in particular mRNAs and proteins, are considered to participate in the determination of the developmental specification of embryonic cells. In this study, a large number of monoclonal antibodies was raised against bulk oocyte antigens to examine patterns of intracellular distribution of oocyte proteins. lmmunohistochemical experiments with mature oocytes showed that there are five different patterns of distribution of oocyte proteins, with enrichment on the animal side (type A, and A2 ptoteins), vegetal side (type V, and V2 proteins), and in the peripheral cytoplasm (type P proteins). Clear localization of type A and V antigen proteins occurred at Dumont's stages IV-VI. However, at the preceding stages, the distributions of these antigen proteins appeared to be homogeneous. By contrast, the pattern of distribution of type P protenis did not change markedly throughout oogenesis. The presence of type A and type V antigen proteins reflected the animal-vegetal axis in the cytoplasm of the mature oocyte. Furthermore, there were two boundaries of the distributions of proteins at the equatorial region, excluding or including the cytoplasm around the germinal vesicle. Thus, the cytoplasm of mature oocytes was multilayered with respect to the different proteins distributed along the animal-vegetal axis. 337

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Cytoskeletal Changes During Oogenesis And Early Development Of Xenopus Laevis

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

The Xenopus Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition from the Perspective of the Germline

The Xenopus Maternal-to-Zygotic Transition from the Perspective of the Germline

Embryonic cells depleted of β‐catenin remain competent to differentiate into dorsal mesodermal derivatives

Analysis of the Formation of the Animal‐Vegetal Axis during Xenopus Oogenesis Using Monoclonal Antibodies

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