Cytoskeletal Correlates of Oocyte Meiotic Divisions

Verlhac, Marie‐Hélène; Breuer, Manuel

doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-826-3_14

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…246,247 This situation implies that the introduction of a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte will result in an admixture of centrosomes of somatic and maternal origin. 251,252 As shown in Figure 2.16, the remodeling of the cytoskeleton as finally enacted during the maturation phase of oogenesis also drives the positioning of organelles involved with developmental competence. 249,250 The general theme that emerges from this discussion is that scaffold functions served by both actinbased and tubulin-based components of the cytoskeleton drive the maturative phase of oogenesis, and interactions between these components appear to be bridged by the family of proteins known as formins.…”

Section: The Oocyte Cortex: An Actin-based Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mammalian Oocyte

Albertini

2015

Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction

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Section: The Oocyte Cortex: An Actin-based Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mammalian Oocyte

Albertini

2015

Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction

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“…The meiotic spindles are composed of microtubules that are assembled by polymerization of the a-tubulin and b-tubulin (92). Microtubules are organized by the microtubule-organizing centers at the two ends and anchor chromosomes with the kinetochores at the equatorial plane of the meiotic spindles, forming a barrel shape (93)(94)(95). Microtubules play important roles for alignment of the chromosomes in Metaphase II stage oocytes and correct segregation of the sister chromatids during anaphase II (96,97), errors in chromosome segregation can cause aneuploidy which is a major cause of spontaneous abortions and pregnancy loss in humans (98).…”

Section: Meiotic Spindlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, F-actin are important for the distribution, movement and exocytosis of cortical granules during oocyte maturation and fertilization, respectively (107). The actin cap forms at the cortex region over the meiotic spindles where the polar body will be extruded (95). The altered distribution of F-actins may cause decreased IVF, lower cleavage and reduced embryo development rate (108).…”

Section: F-actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of methods and factors influencing mouse oocyte quality, in vitro fertilization and embryo development

Wuri¹

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Mice are one of the most commonly used rodent species as a model for biomedical research to better understand molecular, genetic, and cellular causes of human disease and disorders. The production of good quality oocytes is one of the important determinant factors for successful assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) clinical outcome as well as reproductive biology research. Mouse oocyte quality, morphology and functions are influenced by a variety of the factors such as euthanasia methods of female donors, superovulation regimes and cryopreservation. The objectives of these studies were mainly to investigate the methods and factors that are influencing oocyte quality, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryonic development. First, how different euthanasia methods including cervical dislocation (CD), high flow rate CO[2] (H CO[2]) and low flow CO2 (L CO[2]) would affect the quality and integrity of the metaphase II (MII) oocytes have been investigated. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from female donors that were euthanized by three different methods and then the oocytes' subcellular structures including microtubules, F-actin, cortical granules (CGs) and mitochondria integrities were detected by specific fluorescence dyes. The results showed that L CO[2] caused significant increase in the incidence of premature cortical granule exocytosis (PCGE) which might be responsible for significantly reducing the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryonic development rate compared to CD and H CO[2]. Secondly, how the superovulation methods would affect the resulting oocyte morphology, quality, IVF competence and embryonic development was investigated. The anti-inhibin serum (AIS) superovulation method produced a significantly higher number of oocytes compared to the pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). Overall, both methods yielded oocytes with similar sizes and comparable subcellular structures including microtubules, F-actin, cortical granules and mitochondria. However, superovulation with AIS produced significantly thinner zona pellucide than PMSG and the perivitelline space of the oocytes generated from AIS were significantly larger than PMSG. There were no differences in terms of two-cell embryo development, or morula and blastocyst formation rates between AIS and PMSG when the oocytes from two methods were in-vitro fertilized with fresh sperm. Morula and blastocyst development rates were significantly higher for AIS compared to PMSG when oocytes were fertilized with frozen-thawed sperm. Thirdly, clutches of mouse cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were cryopreserved by the cryoloop vitrification method after PMSG superovulation. The cryo-survival rate and integrity and distribution of subcellular structures including the meiotic spindles, F-actin, cortical granules and mitochondria were examined and compared with fresh MII oocytes. The vitrified-warmed oocytes maintained their subcellular structures to a high degree and resulted in acceptable IVF and embryonic development. In conclusion, for optimal research and clinical outcome, considerations should be given regard to euthanasia methods of oocyte donor mice and type of superovulation regimes. Despite of its high oocyte yield, superovulation of mice with AIS provides comparable quality oocytes to the PMSG method. Cryopreservation of the clutches of mouse COCs via cryo-loop vitrification should be considered for genome banking of genetically modified mice and biomedical research.

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Cytoskeletal Correlates of Oocyte Meiotic Divisions

Cited by 2 publications

References 93 publications

The Mammalian Oocyte

The Mammalian Oocyte

Investigation of methods and factors influencing mouse oocyte quality, in vitro fertilization and embryo development

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