Cytoskeletal diversification across 1 billion years: What red algae can teach us about the cytoskeleton, and vice versa

Goodson, Holly V.; Kelley, Joshua B.; Brawley, Susan H.

doi:10.1002/bies.202000278

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(286 reference statements)

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“…(D) Proteins for F-actin polymeric regulation in the genomes of red algae. With the exception of G. lemaneiformis , relative proteins in other red algae refer to Goodson et al. (2021) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macropinocytosis in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Chen,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Macropinocytosis is an endocytic process that plays an important role in animal development and disease occurrence but until now has been rarely reported in organisms with cell walls. We investigated the properties of endocytosis in a red alga, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The cells non-selectively internalized extracellular fluid into large-scale endocytic vesicles (1.94 ± 0.51 μm), and this process could be inhibited by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride, an macropinocytosis inhibitor. Moreover, endocytosis was driven by F-actin, which promotes formation of ruffles and cups from the cell surface and facilitates formation of endocytotic vesicles. After vesicle formation, endocytic vesicles could be acidified and acquire digestive function. These results indicated macropinocytosis in G. lemaneiformis. Abundant phosphatidylinositol kinase and small GTPase encoding genes were found in the genome of this alga, while PI3K, Ras, and Rab5, the important participators of traditional macropinocytosis, seem to be lacked. Such findings provide a new insight into endocytosis in organisms with cell walls and facilitate further research into the core regulatory mechanisms and evolution of macropinocytosis.

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“…(D) Proteins for F-actin polymeric regulation in the genomes of red algae. With the exception of G. lemaneiformis , relative proteins in other red algae refer to Goodson et al. (2021) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macropinocytosis in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Chen,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Indeed, light-induced chloroplast movement is regulated by the cytoskeleton and motor proteins, such as AF-based motor myosin and MT-based motor kinesin ( Suetsugu et al, 2017 ). Interestingly, myosin genes were absent from the sequenced genome assembly of N. yezoensis and the bangiophyte red algae ( Brawley et al, 2017 ; Goodson et al, 2021 ). One possible explanation is that kinesin motor proteins may be involved in the motility of chloroplasts during tip growth of conchocelis apical cells in an MT-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a Live-Imaging Analysis for Polarized Growth of Conchocelis in the Multicellular Red Alga Neopyropia yezoensis

et al. 2022

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A wide range of tip-growing cells in plants display polarized cell growth, which is an essential cellular process for the form and function of individual cells. Understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying tip growth in terrestrial plants has improved. Cellular processes involved in tip growth have also been investigated in some algae species that form filamentous cells, but their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In the macro red alga Neopyropia yezoensis, for which genome information has recently been released, the conchocelis apical cell exhibits tip growth and forms a filamentous structure. Here, we report a live-imaging technique using high-resolution microscopy to analyze the tip growth and cell division of N. yezoensis conchocelis. This imaging analysis addressed tip growth dynamics and cell division in conchocelis apical cells. The directionality and tip growth expansion were disrupted by the application of cytoskeletal drugs, suggesting the involvement of microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs) in these processes. A growing apical cell mostly contained a single chloroplast that moved toward the expanding part of the apical cell. Drug application also inhibited chloroplast movement, implying that the movement may be dependent on the cytoskeleton. The study determined that live-imaging analysis is a versatile approach for exploring the dynamics of tip growth and cell division in N. yezoensis conchocelis, which provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular growth in multicellular red algae.

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“…, 2013 ) how the rear ends of these cells manage to keep up with the front without myosin II is a mystery. Red algae also undergo an actin-based cell migration without myosin II or the Arp2/3 complex ( Goodson et al. , 2021 ), raising additional questions about the mechanisms used at the front as well as at the rear in these species, and whether the rules learned from animals and their relatives are universal or phylogenetically limited.…”

Section: Moving Forward: Nonanimal Lineages Hold the Keys To Understa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and diversity of actin-dependent cell migration

Fritz-Laylin,

Titus

2023

MBoC

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Many eukaryotic cells, including animal cells and unicellular amoebae, use dynamic-actin networks to crawl across solid surfaces. Recent discoveries of actin-dependent crawling in additional lineages have sparked interest in understanding how and when this type of motility evolved. Tracing the evolution of cell crawling requires understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying motility. Here we outline what is known about the diversity and evolution of the molecular mechanisms that drive cell motility, with a focus on actin-dependent crawling. Classic studies and recent work have revealed a surprising number of distinct mechanical modes of actin-dependent crawling used by different cell types and species to navigate different environments. The overlap in actin network regulators driving multiple types of actin-dependent crawling, along with cortical-actin networks that support the plasma membrane in these cells, suggest that actin motility and cortical actin networks might have a common evolutionary origin. The rapid development of additional evolutionarily diverse model systems, advanced imaging technologies, and CRISPR-based genetic tools, is opening the door to testing these and other new ideas about the evolution of actin-dependent cell crawling.

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Cytoskeletal diversification across 1 billion years: What red algae can teach us about the cytoskeleton, and vice versa

Cited by 10 publications

References 121 publications

Macropinocytosis in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Macropinocytosis in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Establishment of a Live-Imaging Analysis for Polarized Growth of Conchocelis in the Multicellular Red Alga Neopyropia yezoensis

The evolution and diversity of actin-dependent cell migration

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