Cytoskeleton and Cytoplasmic Organization of Pollen and Pollen Tubes

Pierson, Elisabeth S.; Cresti, Mauro

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61094-3

Cited by 180 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Further back, distinct interconnected strands could be seen. Time-course analysis and rapid focusing up and down showed that mGFP5-ER localised to a dynamic 3D organisation (not shown), very different from the peripheral ER normally encountered with ER labelling in epidermal cells, but in agreement with EM images of ER distribution in the pollen tube tip (Pierson and Cresti, 1992;Lancelle and Hepler, 1992), fungal hyphae (Grove, 1978) and fern protonemata (Dyer and Cran, 1976). Very similar mGFP5-ER localisation was observed in tobacco pollen tubes (not shown).…”

Section: Flow Of Materials Can Be Tracked Through the Bfainduced Membrsupporting

confidence: 59%

Pollen tubes exhibit regular periodic membrane trafficking events in the absence of apical extension

Parton

Fischer-Parton

Trewavas

et al. 2003

Journal of Cell Science

101

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The growing pollen tube provides an excellent single cell model system in which to study the mechanisms determining growth regulation, polarity and periodic behaviour. Previously, using FM4-64, we identified periodic movements within the apical vesicle accumulation that were related to the period of oscillatory growth. This suggested a more complex interdependence between membrane traffic, apical extension and periodicity than previously thought. To investigate this a comparison was made between normally growing and Brefeldin-A-treated, non-growing, tubes. Brefeldin-A treatment established an intriguing, stable yet dynamic system of membrane aggregations in the pollen tube tip that exhibited regular movements of material with a 5-7 second period compared with the normal ∼30 second periodicity observed in growing tubes. Heat treatment was found to reduce period length in both cases. After BFA treatment membrane was demonstrated to flow from the extreme pollen tube apex back through a distinct subapical Brefeldin-A-induced membrane accumulation. The effects of Brefeldin-A on the distribution of ER- and Golgi-targeted fluorescent proteins revealed that ER did not contribute directly to the system of membrane aggregations while only certain compartments of the Golgi might be involved. The involvement of membrane derived from the apical vesicle accumulation was strongly implicated. Calcium measurements revealed that Brefeldin-A abolished the typical tip-focused calcium gradient associated with growth and there were no obvious periodic fluctuations in apical calcium associated with the continued periodic Brefeldin-A membrane aggregation associated movements. Our experiments reveal an underlying periodicity in the pollen tube that is independent of secretion, apical extension and the oscillating tip-focused calcium gradient normally associated with growth, but requires an active actin cytoskeleton.

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Section: Flow Of Materials Can Be Tracked Through the Bfainduced Membrsupporting

confidence: 59%

Pollen tubes exhibit regular periodic membrane trafficking events in the absence of apical extension

Parton

Fischer-Parton

Trewavas

et al. 2003

Journal of Cell Science

101

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“…Several studies demonstrated the involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in cytoplasmic streaming and the transport of secretory vesicles containing cell wall precursors (Steer and Steer, 1989;Pierson and Cresti, 1992;Derksen et al, 1995;Li et al, 1997). The actin microfilaments are organized in small cables or a meshwork of filaments ( Fig.…”

Section: B a D Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote

Boavida¹,

Vieira²,

Becker³

et al. 2005

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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The evolutionary success of higher plants relies on a very short gametophytic phase, which underlies the sexual reproduction cycle. Sexual plant reproduction takes place in special organs of the flower: pollen, the male gametophyte, is released from the anthers and then adheres, grows and interacts along various tissues of the female organs, collectively known as the pistil. Finally, it fertilizes the female gametophyte, the embryo sac. Pollen is released as bi or tricellular, highly de-hydrated and presumably containing all the biochemical components and transcripts to germinate. Upon hydration on the female tissues, it develops a cytoplasmic extension, the pollen tube, which is one of the fastest growing cells in nature. Pollen is completely "ready-to-go", but despite this seemingly simple reaction, very complex interactions take place with the female tissues. In higher animals, genetic mechanisms for sex determination establish striking developmental differences between males and females. In contrast, most higher plant species develop both male and female structures within the same flower, allowing self-fertilization. Outcrossing is ensured by self-incompatibility mechanisms, which evolved under precise genetic control, controlling self-recognition and cell-to-cell interaction. Equally important is pollen selection along the female tissues, where interactions between different cell types with inherent signalling properties correspond to check-points to ensure fertilization. Last but not least, pollen-pistil interaction occurs in a way that enables the correct targeting of the pollen tubes to the receptive ovules. In this review, we cover the basic mechanisms underlying sexual plant reproduction, from the structural and cellular determinants, to the most recent genetic advances.

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“…Both pollen germination and pollen tube elongation are dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, as determined through studies with cytochalasins (reviewed in Pierson and Cresti, 1992;Taylor and Hepler, 1997). The actin cytoskeleton in pollen is highly dynamic, and dramatic rearrangements occur during pollen germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably, the growth rate of the maize pollen tube can exceed 1 cm/hr (Bedinger, 1992). The pollen tube delivers the sperm cells to the embryo sac, where they are deposited to fuse with the egg cell and central cell.Both pollen germination and pollen tube elongation are dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, as determined through studies with cytochalasins (reviewed in Pierson and Cresti, 1992;Taylor and Hepler, 1997). The actin cytoskeleton in pollen is highly dynamic, and dramatic rearrangements occur during pollen germination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Profilin Function Depends on Interaction with Proline-Rich Motifs

et al. 1998

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The actin binding protein profilin has dramatic effects on actin polymerization in vitro and in living cells. Plants have large multigene families encoding profilins, and many cells or tissues can express multiple profilin isoforms. Recently, we characterized several profilin isoforms from maize pollen for their ability to alter cytoarchitecture when microinjected into living plant cells and for their association with poly-L -proline and monomeric actin from maize pollen. In this study, we characterize a new profilin isoform from maize, which has been designated ZmPRO4, that is expressed predominantly in endosperm but is also found at low levels in all tissues examined, including mature and germinated pollen. The affinity of ZmPRO4 for monomeric actin, which was measured by two independent methods, is similar to that of the three profilin isoforms previously identified in pollen. In contrast, the affinity of ZmPRO4 for poly-L -proline is nearly twofold higher than that of native pollen profilin and the other recombinant profilin isoforms. When ZmPRO4 was microinjected into plant cells, the effect on actin-dependent nuclear position was significantly more rapid than that of another pollen profilin isoform, ZmPRO1. A gain-of-function mutant (ZmPRO1-Y6F) was created and found to enhance poly-L -proline binding activity and to disrupt cytoarchitecture as effectively as ZmPRO4. In this study, we demonstrate that profilin isoforms expressed in a single cell can have different effects on actin in living cells and that the poly-L -proline binding function of profilin may have important consequences for the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics in plant cells. INTRODUCTIONThe male gametes of plants are delivered to the ovule by a unique mode of motility that is dependent on cellular morphogenesis of the pollen grain (reviewed in Bedinger and Edgerton, 1989;Mascarenhas, 1993;Taylor and Hepler, 1997). Mature pollen is a haploid multicellular structure consisting of a large vegetative cell and one generative cell or two sperm cells. The sperm are derived from a mitotic division of the generative cell that occurs before pollen maturation or during pollen tube extension. When a pollen grain lands on a receptive stigma, the vegetative cell forms a tipgrowing protuberance, the pollen tube, that extends down the transmitting tissue of the style toward the ovule. Remarkably, the growth rate of the maize pollen tube can exceed 1 cm/hr (Bedinger, 1992). The pollen tube delivers the sperm cells to the embryo sac, where they are deposited to fuse with the egg cell and central cell.Both pollen germination and pollen tube elongation are dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, as determined through studies with cytochalasins (reviewed in Pierson and Cresti, 1992;Taylor and Hepler, 1997). The actin cytoskeleton in pollen is highly dynamic, and dramatic rearrangements occur during pollen germination. Actin microfilaments focus on the germination aperture(s) before generation of the pollen tube and become arranged in long axial bundles t...

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Cytoskeleton and Cytoplasmic Organization of Pollen and Pollen Tubes

Cited by 180 publications

References 211 publications

Pollen tubes exhibit regular periodic membrane trafficking events in the absence of apical extension

Pollen tubes exhibit regular periodic membrane trafficking events in the absence of apical extension

Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote

Pollen Profilin Function Depends on Interaction with Proline-Rich Motifs

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