2020
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.576263
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Cytosolic DNA Sensors and CNS Responses to Viral Pathogens

Abstract: Viral central nervous system (CNS) infections can lead to life threatening encephalitis and long-term neurological deficits in survivors. Resident CNS cell types, such as astrocytes and microglia, are known to produce key inflammatory and antiviral mediators following infection with neurotropic DNA viruses. However, the mechanisms by which glia mediate such responses remain poorly understood. Recently, a class of intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), collectively known as DNA sensors, have been i… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 197 publications
(347 reference statements)
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“…As part of the immune system, microglia are the sentinel cells of the brain and sensors for invading infectious agents [ 42 , 227 ]. In the context of viral infections, microglia orchestrate the local immune response [ 35 , 217 , 228 ].…”
Section: The Role Of Microglia In Viral Brain Infections Accelerating Brain Agingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As part of the immune system, microglia are the sentinel cells of the brain and sensors for invading infectious agents [ 42 , 227 ]. In the context of viral infections, microglia orchestrate the local immune response [ 35 , 217 , 228 ].…”
Section: The Role Of Microglia In Viral Brain Infections Accelerating Brain Agingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the most part, the brain's early innate immune response is largely sculpted by developmental requirements to help regulate neurogenesis; guide neural migration; winnow the surfeit of neurons and synapses initially produced; 16,17 and, after development, to contribute to synapse formation and elimination and promote synaptic plasticity 18 . Throughout life the brain's immune cells also protect from the relatively constant assault by bacteria, viruses, and parasites that, until recently, were common chronic human conditions 19–22 . The genetic programs available for the brain's innate immune response are designed and coordinated to succeed in these circumstances, not in response to brain injury caused by amyloid, tau, vascular damage, or myelin degeneration.…”
Section: General Considerations Regarding Innate Immune Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 7–9 Microglia and astrocytes are resident glial cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), known to produce key inflammatory mediators following infection with pathogens. 10 , 11 It has been reported that microglia are the main source of inflammatory factors in the early stage of neuroinflammatory response, while astrocytes play an important role in the later stage of chronic inflammatory response. 12 There is increasing evidence that astrogliosis may lead to the developmental impairment of the CNS.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%