Cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical analysis of Artemisia judaica and A. sieberi in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Cancer and microbial infectious diseases are considered a global threat. Plants have been investigated across the world to exploit their potential anticancer and antimicrobial effective agents. In this study, two medicinal plant species native to Saudi Arabia, namely; Artemisia judaica and Artemisia sieberi were screened to assess their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial potential activities as well as phytochemical compositions. The collected aerial parts were extracted by maceration with methanol. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were investigated using the MTT and MIC assays, respectively. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential were assessed respectively by 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the crude methanolic extract were quantified using standard methods. Artemisia judaica displayed a strong cytotoxicity compared to A. sieberi while both species showed approximately similar bacterial and fungal growth inhibition. In contrast, A. sieberi displayed the highest phenol and flavonoid contents between the two species which was consistent with the higher antioxidant activity found in A. sieberi. It is concluded that both Artemisia species could be a promising source of antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial agents.

Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of Artemisia Species Grown in Saudia Arabia

“…The highest TCA was recorded by A. judaica extract , followed by A. sieberi and A. monosperma ( Table 2 ). Our findings are consistent with several studies that documented the presence of these constituents in the same species grown in different regions of the world [ 22 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. In addition, the leaves of Artemisia species contain a higher phenolic acid and flavonoids content, which has health benefits [ 58 ].…”

“…In the literature, an expanding body of substantial evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies have proven that some edible plants and their ingredients have antioxidant activities, which have substantial protective impacts on human carcinogenesis [ 21 ]. Artemisia species possess antioxidant properties which can interfere with oxidative stress to reduce the risk of developing complex diseases [ 22 ].…”

“…They are used widely in folk medicine [ 24 ] because these species have anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial analgesic, and antipyretic effects [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition, documented results showed that the A. judaica and A. sieberi species grow in Saudia Arabia have anticancer properties [ 22 ]. Moreover, these species showed high antimicrobial activities against human pathogens ( Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli ) [ 23 ].…”

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Container Tablet: A New Paradigm for Multi-Drug-Containing Bioactive Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug-Delivery Systems (Bio-SNEDDSs)

“…The antioxidant activity of the drug-free SNEDDSs was estimated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, as reported by Fahad et al, 2020 with minor modifications [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Various concentrations (10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) of the representative drug-free SNEDDSs were prepared.…”

“…The antioxidative activity of the drug-free SNEDDSs was also determined using the ABTS radical cation scavenging assay as followed by Fahad et al, 2020 with minor modification [ 29 , 30 ]. Aqueous solutions of ABTS (7 mmol/L) and potassium persulfate (2.45 mmol/L) were freshly prepared.…”