Cytotoxic constituents of <i>Alectra</i> and <i>Striga</i> species

Rank, Christian; Rasmussen, Lars; Jensen, Søren Rosendal; Pierce, Simon; Press, M. C.; Scholes, J. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00398.x

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…ramosissima ( Wall ) . Compound ( 10 ) possesses good cytotoxic effects . From the biosynthetic standpoint, its presence is fully in accordance with the observed iridoid content pattern.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Iridoids of Chemotaxonomy Relevance, a New Antirrhinoside Ester and Other Constituents from Kickxia spuria subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R.Fern.

Venditti

Frezza

Serafini

et al. 2018

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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In this work, the secondary metabolite content of the EtOH extract of Kickxia spuria subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R.Fern. is reported. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified by means of column chromatography and NMR and MS instrumental techniques, respectively. Among the identified compounds, the chemotaxonomic markers of the species were evidenced, whereas others were reported for the first time in the genus. Among these, a new antirrhinoside derivative (12) was recognized. The iridoid content showed a molecular pattern very similar to those reported for other taxa comprised in the Antirrhinae tribe of Plantaginaceae, thus providing an additional evidence that supports the current botanical classification of the Kickxia genus. Anyway, most of the recognized components are able to exert important pharmacological properties which might suggest the possible employment of also this species in traditional medicine just like it happens for some other species of the Kickxia genus.

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“…ramosissima ( Wall ) . Compound ( 10 ) possesses good cytotoxic effects . From the biosynthetic standpoint, its presence is fully in accordance with the observed iridoid content pattern.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Iridoids of Chemotaxonomy Relevance, a New Antirrhinoside Ester and Other Constituents from Kickxia spuria subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R.Fern.

Venditti

Frezza

Serafini

et al. 2018

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…Species of both genera, Striga and Rhinanthus, are also known to cause substantial damage to their hosts leading to significant reductions in host biomass and disruption of host metabolic processes (Watling and Press 2001;Cameron et al 2008). Both Rhinanthus (Cameron et al 2008) and Striga (Watling and Press 2001;Rank et al 2004) suppress host growth and photosynthesis, a potential consequence of which is a reduction in host competition pressure. Nonetheless, this is much more prominent in Striga, which has been postulated to produce cytotoxic metabolites interfering with photosynthetic metabolic pathways in some host species (Musselman 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic carbon gain by the root hemiparasites, Rhinanthus minor and Euphrasia rostkoviana (Orobanchaceae)

Těšitel

Plavcová

Cameron

2010

Planta

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Hemiparasitic plants gain virtually all mineral nutrients and water from their host plant whilst organic carbon is provided, at least in part, by their own photosynthetic activity, although their rates of assimilation are substantially lower than that found in non-parasitic plants. Hence, hemiparasites must gain at least some of their organic carbon heterotrophically from the host plant. Despite this, heterotrophic carbon gain by root hemiparasites has been investigated only for a few genera. We investigated heterotrophic carbon gain by two root hemiparasites, Rhinanthus minor L. and Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne (Orobanchaceae), using natural abundance stable isotope (delta(13)C) profiles of both parasites attached to C(3) (wheat) and C(4) (maize) hosts coupled to a linear two-source isotope-mixing model to estimate the percentage of carbon in the parasite that was derived from the host. Both R. minor and E. rostkoviana attached to maize hosts were significantly more enriched in (13)C than those attached to wheat hosts with R. minor becoming more enriched in (13)C than E. rostkoviana. The natural abundance (13)C profiles of both parasites were not significantly different from their wheat hosts, but were less enriched in (13)C than maize hosts. Using a linear two-source isotope-mixing model, we estimated that R. minor and E. rostkoviana adult plants derive c. 50 and 25% of their carbon from their hosts, respectively. In light of these results, we hypothesise that repeatedly observed negative effect of competition for light on hemiparasites acts predominantly in early ontogenetic stages when parasites grow unattached or the abstraction of host nutrients is less effective.

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“…, 1999). Striga reduces the growth of host plants more than can be accounted for by resource losses alone, suggesting the movement of a cytotoxic or pathogenic factor from parasite to host (Rank et al. , 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans‐specific gene silencing between host and parasitic plants

et al. 2008

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Species of Orobanchaceae parasitize the roots of nearby host plants to rob them of water and other nutrients. Parasitism can be debilitating to the host plant, and some of the world's most pernicious agricultural pests are parasitic weeds. We demonstrate here that interfering hairpin constructs transformed into host plants can silence expression of the targeted genes in the parasite. Transgenic roots of the hemi-parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor expressing the GUS reporter gene were allowed to parasitize transgenic lettuce roots expressing a hairpin RNA containing a fragment of the GUS gene (hpGUS). When stained for GUS activity, Triphysaria roots attached to non-transgenic lettuce showed full GUS activity, but those parasitizing transgenic hpGUS lettuce lacked activity in root tissues distal to the haustorium. Transcript quantification indicated a reduction in the steady-state level of GUS mRNA in Triphysaria when they were attached to hpGUS lettuce. These results demonstrate that the GUS silencing signal generated by the host roots was translocated across the haustorium interface and was functional in the parasite. Movement across the haustorium was bi-directional, as demonstrated in double-junction experiments in which non-transgenic Triphysaria concomitantly parasitized two hosts, one transgenic for hpGUS and the other transgenic for a functional GUS gene. Observation of GUS silencing in the second host demonstrated that the silencing trigger could be moved from one host to another using the parasite as a physiological bridge. Silencing of parasite genes by generating siRNAs in the host provides a novel strategy for controlling parasitic weeds.

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Cytotoxic constituents of Alectra and Striga species

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

Iridoids of Chemotaxonomy Relevance, a New Antirrhinoside Ester and Other Constituents from Kickxia spuria subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R.Fern.

Iridoids of Chemotaxonomy Relevance, a New Antirrhinoside Ester and Other Constituents from Kickxia spuria subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R.Fern.

Heterotrophic carbon gain by the root hemiparasites, Rhinanthus minor and Euphrasia rostkoviana (Orobanchaceae)

Trans‐specific gene silencing between host and parasitic plants

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