Cytotoxic effect of a 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivative compound in human melanoma cells

Abstract

Melanoma represents the most forceful derm cancer with a high rate of mortality. Although chemotherapy has been commonly used in the treatment of melanoma, drug resistance and side effects of conventional chemotheurapeutics negatively affect the continuity and success the treatment. 1,2,4 triazole derivatives are popular compounds of recent years with anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, anti-proliferative and COVID-19 associated anti-fungal activities. However, studies that revealed the effects of 1,2,4 triazole compounds on melanoma cells are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivative (B9) compound on cytotoxicity and cell cycle using MTT and flow cytometry, respectively and the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase in human melanoma (VMM917) cells using colorimetric assay for melanin content. The compound B9 exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect (4.9-fold) on VMM917 cells compared to normal cells. B9 induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase and also decreased the amount of melanin in the cells. The results suggest a novel candidate drug in melanoma therapy. The detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism of this selective cytotoxic effect will provide understanding on the usability of B9 as an alternative chemotherapeutic agent in melanoma.

Anastasis induced by bee venom in normal cells compared to persistent cell death in breast cancer cells

“…After incubation, color development (from purple to yellow) was observed and absorbances were measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader. IC 50 values for each cell line were calculated as previously according to logarithmic slope formula (Ayazoglu Demir et al, 2021). Each treatment was performed as at least three repeats and also each experiment was repeated independently as triplicates.…”

“…No. M2272) per well for 4h at 37°C (Ayazoglu Demir et al, 2021; Çelik Uzuner et al, 2021). After incubation with MTT, 200 μL DMSO was added to each well and incubated for 2h on a shaker (in dark) at room temperature.…”

Determination of cytotoxic, anti-acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activity of some medicinal Artemisia spp.

“…All of the extracts and cisplatin concentrations were diluted with their solvents for cytotoxicity studies. Cisplatin was preferred as a positive control in this work [28]. Final solvent concentrations were adjusted to a maximum of 0.5 % for the medium.…”

“…Subsequently, 10 µL of MTT dye (0.25 mg/mL) was added to each well for 2 h. At the end of the time, the dye was removed and 200 µL of DMSO was added to each well to dissolve the formazan crystals. Absorbance values were read at 570 nm in a microplate reader (Molecular Devices Versamax, CA, USA) [28]. Optical densities were used to evaluate the percentage of viabilities in treated cells compared to untreated control cells.…”

“…2) (p < 0.05). In all of the cytotoxicity studies, cisplatin, an anticancer drug known as a positive control, was used [28,48]. The cytotoxicity studies of cisplatin on A549, VMM917 and hGF cells and the IC50 values explained by all cells are given in Table 4.…”