Cytotoxic reactions of rainbow trout, <i>Salmo gairdneri</i> Richardson, macrophages for larvae of the eye fluke <i>Diplostomum spathaceum</i> (Digenea)

Whyte, S. K.; Chappell, L. H.; Secombes, Christopher J.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb02986.x

Cited by 74 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…not the parasite was opsonized with rainbow trout It is not known whether macrophages found in the serum. Similar colonization of helminths of the genera cephalic ducts were attracted to the mannose-rich Diplostomum and Sanguinicola by fish leucocytes were regions in this head organ as demonstrated by Buchreported by Whyte et al (1989) and Richards et al mann (1998) or if some other factors present in those (1996a), respectively. In addition, the presence of penstructures were responsible for macrophage attachtoneal macrophages in the incubation medium was ment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…This would correspond The cytokine production by macrophages is also to the respiratory burst induction in rainbow trout likely to be of importance. It is suggested that the against other metazoan parasites, as shown for Diploneighbouring mucous cells proliferate (Balm et al stomum spathaceum (Whyte et al 1989) andDiphyl-1995) and secrete their products due to the release of 11-lobothnum dendriticum (Sharp et al 1991). 1 from macrophages (Cohan et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As gyrodactylids are seen to escape surface areas rich in mucous cells and macrophages during the response phase (Buchmann 1997, Buchmann & Bresciani 1998, Lindenstrnn & Buchmann 1998, it could be suggested that macrophages in the skin have some influence on the amount of complement and mucous cells in the fish skin and thereby affect the microenvironment of these ectoparasites. Some studies have shown that fish leucocytes are able to interact with both protozoans (Cross & Matthews 1993, Steinhagen & Hespe 1997 and metazoan parasites as cestodes (Sharp et al 1991, Hoole 1994, Taylor & Hoole 1995, Morley & Hoole 1997, digeneans (Wood & Matthews 1987, Whyte et al 1989, nematodes (Ramakrishna et al 1993) and acanthocephalans (Hamers et al 1992). The relationship between monogeneans and fish leucocytes is nonetheless still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainbow trout leucocyte activity:influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini

Buchmann¹,

Bresciani²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus deqavinl from ralnbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed in vltro to macrophages isolated as pentoneal exudate cells or as pronephros cells from the host Cells colonized the parasite especially in the mannose-nch regions in the c e p h a l~c ducts where ciliated structures were abundant Opsonizatlon wlth fresh serum, in contrast to heatinactivated serum, enhanced colonlzat~on also on other body parts The adverse effect of the activated macrophages towards G derjavlnl was assoc~ated with a heat-lab~le component released from these cells to the culture medium Analysis of substances released from the cells showed leactivity for a number of enzymes, complement factor C3, ~nterleukin (11-1) and reactive oxygen metabohtes Chemotaxls assays with pronephnc leucocytes showed chemoattractants in G derlavini and the respiratory burst level of macrophages was slightly elevated due to parasite exposure It is suggested that skln leucocytes contribute to an increased level of complement factors in the trout skln during the host response, whereby a hostlle m~croenvironment for the parasites IS created In addition, the 1L-l production could affect mucous cell secretion and hyperplasia and add to the antiparasitlc actlon of the epithelium Likewise react~ve oxygen metabolites and vanous enzymes are l~k e l y to be involved In the skin response

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainbow trout leucocyte activity:influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini

Buchmann¹,

Bresciani²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Studies on the in vitro killing of parasites by rainbow trout leucocytes suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the respiratory burst of macrophages evoked damage to the plerocercoid tegument of the cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Sharp et al 1991) and killed the digenean, eye-fluke Diplostomum spathaceum (Whyte et al 1989). Whyte et al (1989) discussed the issue that the increased contact between macrophages and a parasite ensures the release of ROS and lytic enzymes, causing direct damage to the parasite. Hamers et al (1992) suggested carp granulocytes caused damage to the metasoma tegument of Paratenuisentis ambiguus by the release of granule contents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cellular response in elimination of the monogenean Neoheterobothrium hirame in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Nakayasu¹,

Tsutsumi²,

Oseko³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Adult worms of the blood-feeding monogenean parasite Neoheterobothrium hirame, which cause anemia in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, attach to the host fish by embedding their posterior part deeply into the host tissue. To investigate the possibility that cellular responses of the host fish can eliminate N. hirame, flounder were experimentally infected with N. hirame larvae and reared in either fed or starved conditions. Mature parasites were identified on the buccal cavity wall of the fish 33 d post-infection (Day 33). Monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes increased rapidly in the blood and infected sites after the appearance of mature parasites. These cells adhered to the tegument of the parasites. In addition, a few cells with large electron-dense granules (DGCs) were observed in the inflammatory foci. On Day 47, the tegument of some parasites collapsed partially and were phagocytosed by the infiltrated host cells. Some infiltrated cells adhered directly to the inner tissues of the parasites. On Day 54, in the fed fish group, the loss of the tegument led to damage of the parasites' inner tissue by a large number of infiltrated cells. In this group, the elimination of the parasites was noted from Day 47 to 54. These observations probably suggest that the cellular response of the host fish destructed the parasite's posterior part embedded in the tissue, thereby eliminating the parasites. On the other hand, a high mortality was observed in the starved group. The starved fish developed much more severe anemia than the fed fish, and the elimination of the parasites was not observed in this group. The results of the present study suggest that flounder can eliminate N. hirame if they are fed sufficiently. KEY WORDS: Flounder · Leucocytes response · Neoheterobothrium hirame · Monogenean parasiteResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…In contrast, there have been a limited number of investigations of the interaction between the fish complement system and metazoan parasites. Studies by Whyte, Chappell & Secombes (1989, 1990 revealed that the immune protection mechanism in rainbow trout against the eye-fluke Diplostomum spathaceum involved both the alternative and classical pathways of complement activation. In studies by Buchmann (1998) it was also noted that the lethal effect of plasma from Oncorhynchus mykiss on the monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini was mediated through the binding of complement factor C3 to carbohydrate-rich parasite structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between the blood fluke,Sanguinicola inermisand humoral components of the immune response of carp,Cyprinus carpio

et al. 2005

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The effect of Sanguinicola inermis on serum antibody and complement activity in Cyprinus carpio was assessed using an ELISA and haemolytic assays. Possible immune evasion strategies were assessed using immunodetection of host proteins on the surface of the parasite. Carp acclimatized to 20 or 25 xC were infected by exposure to 500 cercariae or injected intraperitoneally with 150 cercariae, and serum monitored over a 63-day period. In cercariae-injected carp, irrespective of time and temperature, a significant increase occurred in complement activity being greatest at 25 xC. In addition, fish exposed to the cercariae of S. inermis and maintained at 20 xC the level of complement activity was significantly higher after 5 weeks compared to controls. At 20 xC intraperitoneal injections of parasites increased serum antibody levels which peaked after 7 days. In contrast, at 25 xC, antibody levels were maintained over 63 days. Exposure of fish to infection did not appear to stimulate antibody production. Immunofluorescence studies revealed ' host-like ' molecules on the surface of the cercarial body exposed to carp serum and adult flukes obtained directly from the fish or cultured for 24 h in L15 medium. The possible role of ' host-like ' molecules in immune evasion is discussed and the response at different temperatures is related to infection dynamics.

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Cytotoxic reactions of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, macrophages for larvae of the eye fluke Diplostomum spathaceum (Digenea)

Cited by 74 publications

References 51 publications

Rainbow trout leucocyte activity:influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini

Rainbow trout leucocyte activity:influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini

Role of cellular response in elimination of the monogenean Neoheterobothrium hirame in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Interaction between the blood fluke,Sanguinicola inermisand humoral components of the immune response of carp,Cyprinus carpio

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