Cytotoxicity and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum Herbal Formulation

ZnO NPs have of late garnered interest for their biomedical and theranostic applications, however, all such applications would involve exhaustive toxicological testing for their safe use. This paper reports on the green synthesis of ZnO NPs by the reduction of cytotoxicity during production from Saraca Asoca bark extract. The ZnO NPs obtained were characterized through UV visible spectroscopy by observing the peak at 326 nm. The scanning electron microscopy is done to assess the particle size range, which ranges from 50 to 100 nm. The LC50 of the toxin, formula was established through an in-vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. Lethal effects at various concentrations of ZnO NPs including 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µg/mL were tested on nauplii of brine shrimp while maintaining time constant at 24 hours. All nauplii survived at 5, 10, 20, and 40 µg/mL; at 80 µg/mL nine survived, while eight survived at 100 µg/mL, indicating a high level of nontoxicity at higher concentrations. LC50 estimation provides evidence that the ZnO NPs synthesized through the bark extract of Saraca Asoca reveal very low cytotoxicity and, therefore, would act as a promising candidate for biomedical applications. The green synthesis route here may find an alternative, non-toxic nanoparticle production technique instead of the toxic ones shown here.

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Comparative Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Nanocomposite-Based Herbal Oral Rinse and a Commercial Oral Rinse

Divakar,

Varghese,

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory effects of two oral rinse formulations, a commercial oral rinse and an Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (nanocomposites, NCs) oral rinse, using in vitro assays commonly employed to assess antiinflammatory activity.Materials and methods: The anti-inflammatory potential of the oral rinse formulations was assessed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation, egg albumin denaturation, and membrane stabilization assays. Diclofenac sodium was used as a reference standard in all assays. The inhibition percentages of BSA denaturation and egg albumin denaturation assays, as well as membrane stabilization effects, were measured at various concentrations of the oral rinse formulations.Results: Both the commercial oral rinse and the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum oral rinse demonstrated significant inhibition of BSA denaturation, indicating their anti-inflammatory potential. The Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse consistently showed higher inhibition percentages than the commercial oral rinse, suggesting stronger anti-inflammatory effects in this assay. In the egg albumin denaturation assay, both formulations exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation, with the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse showing comparable or slightly higher inhibition percentages. The membrane stabilization assay further supported the anti-inflammatory properties of both formulations, with the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse demonstrating efficacy comparable to diclofenac sodium. Discussion: The results suggest that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse may possess stronger anti-inflammatory effects compared to commercial oral rinse, as evidenced by higher inhibition percentages in the BSA denaturation assay. Both formulations showed promising antiinflammatory activity in the egg albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assays, indicating their potential for mitigating inflammation. Conclusion:The Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse exhibits significant antiinflammatory effects in vitro, potentially surpassing the efficacy of the commercial oral rinse. Further studies are needed to explore the clinical implications of these findings and to validate the antiinflammatory properties of the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse in vivo.

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Cytotoxicity and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum Herbal Formulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Synergetic comparative study: Photocatalytic and biological investigations of green-synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles

Synergetic comparative study: Photocatalytic and biological investigations of green-synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles

Cytotoxicity and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized using Saraca Asoca Bark Extract

Comparative Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Nanocomposite-Based Herbal Oral Rinse and a Commercial Oral Rinse

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