Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of chromium

Biosorbents for hexavalent chromium elimination from industrial and municipal effluents

“…The Freundlich isotherm is the earliest known relationship describing the adsorption equation. The application of the Freundlich equation (29) suggests that adsorption energy exponentially decreases on completion of the adsorptional centers of an adsorbent. For adsorption from solution, the Freundlich isotherm is represented by Eq.…”

“…Chromium also shows toxicity towards different animals. Studies have shown the toxicity of chromium picolinate in renal impairment, skin blisters and pustules, anemia, hemolysis, tissue edema, liver dysfunction, neuronal cell injury, impaired cognitive, perceptual and motor activity, enhanced production of hydroxyl radicals, chromosomal aberration, depletion of antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage in mice [29].…”

Cr(III) exerts stronger structural effects than Cr(VI) on the human erythrocyte membrane and molecular models

“…Despite such toxic features, Cr(III) is essential in mammals, which require it for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [2,11]. The mechanistic toxicity of Cr(VI) is not completely understood, although a large number of chromium(VI) studies demonstrated that induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptotic cell death and altered gene expression [8]. On the other hand, few studies are available in the literature that directly address Cr(III) toxicity [12].…”

Towards the Development of Fiber-Based Oxidovanadium(IV) Catalysts for the Oxidation of Thioanisole

“…Several oxidants have been used for the oxidation of sulfides including but not limited to, molecular oxygen, peroxides and monoperoxysulfate [7]. Current economical and environmental concerns make hydrogen peroxide an attractive option due to its low cost and lack of harmful by-products, respectively [8]. Combining hydrogen peroxide with a transition metal catalyst provides further benefits including a reduced reaction time [9,10], as well as the ability to manipulate product selectivity and chirality [11].…”