Cytotoxicity Assessment of Residual High-Level Disinfectants

Abstract

Some studies show the uptake of disinfectants on medical devices but no studies on their cytotoxicity have been reported. This study aimed to assess that cytotoxicity in a 3-dimensional culture system using HeLa cells grown in matrices composed of collagen. Plastic materials were soaked in the use solutions of the widely used high-level disinfectants, glutaraldehyde (GA), ortho-phthalaldehyde OPA and peracetic acid PAA . After being rinsed, they were allowed to dry and were embedded into the cell medium to investigate the cytotoxicity of the residual disinfectants. Cytotoxicity was observed with the polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and silicon tubes soaked in GA and OPA, indicating that both disinfectants were absorbed in the test pieces, whereas for PAA, none was observed. As for the polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE tubes, no disinfectant displayed cytotoxicity. GA and OPA are primary irritants, having a potential to cause anaphylaxis and other forms of allergic reactions. There should be consideration not only about the toxicity of the residual disinfectant from poor rinsing, but also about the toxicity that would result from the disinfectants that were absorbed and consequently released from the medical devices or materials.

Genipin, a Cross-linking Agent, Promotes Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells

“…Generally, glutaraldehyde is the most commonly used cross-linking agent because of its short cross-linking time and long endurance period (13). However, glutaraldehyde shows cytotoxicity on cells, which remains a big problem (14,15). Therefore, it is necessary to identify new agents that elicit cross-linking of collagen with lower toxicity.…”

Cytotoxic potential of denture base and reline acrylic resins after immersion in disinfectant solutions

“…This maintained the conditions of degradation and the release of toxic components, explaining the increase in toxicity over time, which is in accordance with previous investigations. 33,37 In comparison with chlorhexidine digluconate and apple vinegar, the other disinfectant solutions were significantly less toxic to the cells (P<.05). The storage of specimens in 3.8% sodium perborate and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite did not affect the keratinocytes cellular metabolism, regardless of the immersion period (P>.05) and the type of acrylic resin (P>.05), with no significant differences between these 2 solutions and distilled water (P>.05).…”

“…The toxicity of a residual disinfectant can be influenced by factors such its bioavailability after absorption, the route by which residual disinfectant enters the body, the relative toxicity of each disinfectant, and the pH value of the solutions. According to Ryu et al, 37 the toxicity of the residual disinfectant is related not only to poor rinsing but could result from the disinfectants that were absorbed and, consequently, released from the medical devices or materials. The effects of chlorhexidine on a variety of mammalian cells have proved that this solution is a toxic agent at doses similar to or lower than those introduced into the oral cavity.…”

Design considerations of benchtop fluid flow bioreactors for bio-engineered tissue equivalents in vitro

“…Commonly used sterilisation and disinfection procedures can cause changes to the chemical properties for a material potentially leading to unwanted biological effects [ 222 , 223 ]. For example, treatment of some polymers with laboratory disinfectant can lead to cytotoxicity from residual disinfectant absorbed into the polymer [224] whilst ultraviolet light (UV) treatment can also cause problems with some plastics, leading to changes in surface properties if exposed for periods of several hours [225] . Autoclaving generally leads to minimal increases in cytotoxicity and in some cases has even caused materials to have improved biocompatibility after autoclaving, however it is not compatible with plastics with low melting points such as conventional polystyrene cultureware [226] .…”