Cytotoxicity evaluation of electronic cigarette vapor extract on cultured mammalian fibroblasts (ClearStream-LIFE): comparison with tobacco cigarette smoke extract

Romagna, Giorgio; Allifranchini, Elena; Bocchietto, Elena; Todeschi, Stefano; Esposito, Mara; Farsalinos, Konstantinos

doi:10.3109/08958378.2013.793439

Cited by 172 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In fact, the Flavors and Extracts Manufacturers' Association (FEMA) has issued an official statement mentioning that flavor ingredients are evaluated for exposure through ingestion only; thus, any results cannot be extrapolated to use through inhalation. 5 Studies have shown that any cytotoxic properties of e-cigarette liquids and aerosol, although significantly lower than tobacco smoke, may be attributed to specific flavors, [6][7][8] indicating that further research is certainly needed in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins

Farsalinos

Kistler

Gillman

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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273

217

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate sweet-flavored electronic cigarette (EC) liquids for the presence of diacetyl (DA) and acetyl propionyl (AP), which are chemicals approved for food use but are associated with respiratory disease when inhaled. Methods: In total, 159 samples were purchased from 36 manufacturers and retailers in 7 countries. Additionally, 3 liquids were prepared by dissolving a concentrated flavor sample of known DA and AP levels at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration in a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol. Aerosol produced by an EC was analyzed to determine the concentration of DA and AP. Results: DA and AP were found in 74.2% of the samples, with more samples containing DA. Similar concentrations were found in liquid and aerosol for both chemicals. The median daily exposure levels were 56 μg/day (IQR: 26-278 μg/day) for DA and 91 μg/day (IQR: 20-432 μg/day) for AP. They were slightly lower than the strict NIOSH-defined safety limits for occupational exposure and 100 and 10 times lower compared with smoking respectively; however, 47.3% of DA and 41.5% of AP-containing samples exposed consumers to levels higher than the safety limits. Conclusions: DA and AP were found in a large proportion of sweet-flavored EC liquids, with many of them exposing users to higher than safety levels. Their presence in EC liquids represents an avoidable risk. Proper measures should be taken by EC liquid manufacturers and flavoring suppliers to eliminate these hazards from the products without necessarily limiting the availability of sweet flavors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins

Farsalinos

Kistler

Gillman

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

Self Cite

273

217

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“…Recently, Romagna and his group report that in vitro, e-cigarette vapor is significantly less toxic than tobacco smoke [11]. This is not unexpected given the thousands of known chemical and toxins known to be in tobacco smoke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Bilateral Pneumonia and Pleural Effusions Subsequent to Electronic Cigarette Use

Moore¹,

Young²,

Ryan³

2015

OJEM

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems also known as electronic cigarettes (or e-cigarettes) are marketed by their manufactures as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes because of potentially reduced delivery of toxins. However, the scientific evidence and the long-term health effects of e-cigarettes are limited. We describe a case of a 43-year-old man who had been smoking electronic cigarettes excessively for three days and presented with acute dyspnea, increased work of breathing and tachycardia. Subsequent chest x-ray revealed bilateral pleural effusions. In addition, the patient had a new oxygen requirement and was thus admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia and bilateral pleural effusions. The case and the potential harmful effects of electronic cigarettes are discussed herein.

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“…But again, flavoured e-liquid was the most cytotoxic in the group. It was coffee flavoured solution [18]. In another study, which also evaluated cytotoxicity of various e-liquids, the most distinctive was that of cinnamon and cookies flavour [19].…”

Section: The Chemical Composition Of Electronic Cigarettes Their Toxmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Debate: Can We Recommend Electronic Cigarettes to Our Patients? Opinion 2

Poznański¹,

Pietras²,

Antczak³

2017

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Electronic cigarettes are more and more frequently used to deliver nicotine. They are used both by the users of regular cigarettes and those who to date have not smoked. The literature about potential impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems on health is constantly growing. Particular concern is expressed about toxicity of chemical compounds and elements delivered with the vapour of electronic cigarettes. It turns out that products that have positive image in media, actually are not so beneficial. Furthermore, they not only may cause damage to health but also death.

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Cytotoxicity evaluation of electronic cigarette vapor extract on cultured mammalian fibroblasts (ClearStream-LIFE): comparison with tobacco cigarette smoke extract

Abstract: This study indicates that EC vapor is significantly less cytotoxic compared tobacco CS. These results should be validated by clinical studies.

Cited by 172 publications

References 47 publications

Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins

Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins

Bilateral Pneumonia and Pleural Effusions Subsequent to Electronic Cigarette Use

A Debate: Can We Recommend Electronic Cigarettes to Our Patients? Opinion 2

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