Cytotoxicity of different sized TiO₂ nanoparticles in mouse macrophages

Abstract

With large-scale production and wide application of nano-titanium oxide (TiO2), its health hazard has attracted extensive attention worldwide. In this study, mouse macrophages (Ana-1 and MH-S cells) were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different sized TiO2 nanoparticles. The results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles caused low toxicity, especially in MH-S cells. There was a difference in the cytotoxicity induced by different sized TiO2 particles. The 25 nm anatase particles induced the strongest cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, followed by 5 and 100 nm anatase particles; in contrast, 100 nm rutile particles induced the lowest toxicity. Although TiO2 nanoparticles induced high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the determination of ROS demonstrated that the inherent oxidative capacity of TiO2 nanoparticles was lower in the absence of photoactivation. Therefore, the generation of intracellular ROS could not completely depend on inherent oxidative capacity of TiO2 nanoparticles. Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles could mainly depend on the structural characteristics.

A 3D co-culture of three human cell lines to model the inflamed intestinal mucosa for safety testing of nanomaterials

“…Nevertheless, other studies have shown a low toxicity of differently sized TiO 2 nanoparticles to mouse macrophages (Zhang et al, 2012) or epithelial lung cells (Hsiao & Huang, 2011). However, both studies used monoculture models, while a study with a co-culture model of the human airway wall with macrophages, dendritic cells and epithelial cells corroborates our results, as no toxicity or pro-inflammatory reaction was observed (Rothen-Rutishauser et al, 2007).…”

Toxicology of nanosized titanium dioxide: an update

“…They drew the conclusion that the toxicity of TiO 2 nanoparticles could mainly depend on the structural characteristics. Figure 2 shows that cell viability of Ana-1 cells exposed to different-sized TiO 2 particles (Zhang et al 2012). Lagopati et al (2014) also declared that the cytotoxicity of TiO 2 nanoparticles of similar size but different crystal structure gradually decreased as their composition changed from pure anatase to anatase-rutile mixtures.…”

“…*P < 0.05 versus control cells. TiO 2 : titanium oxide (Zhang et al 2012) repeated TiO 2 exposure model on outbred Crl:OF1 male mice, finding nano-TiO2 mainly accumulated in the pulmonary macrophages but did not cause nasal or pulmonary inflammation. Tang et al (2013) investigated toxicity of nano-TiO 2 to lung in two aspects, both in vitro and in vivo.…”

“…The results indicated that A549 cell line was showed to be relatively resistant to the total uptake of TiO 2 particles, as measured by cell viability and metabolic assays, while H1299 had a much higher capacity to ingest TiO 2 particles and aggregates, with consequent evidence of impact at concentrations as low as 30-150 μg/ ml. From another angle, Zhang et al (2012) detected the cytotoxicity of different-sized TiO 2 nanoparticles and found that the 25-nm anatase particles induced stronger cytotoxicity and oxidative stress than those of 5-and 100-nm anatase particles. Both 5-and 100-nm anatase particles had similar toxicity.…”

Health risk assessments of lithium titanate nanoparticles in rat liver cell model for its safe applications in nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

“…But the toxic effects of nano-sized particles were not fully detailed except for some titanium, tungsten, cadmium and zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zhang et al 2013). However, the recent report indicated that there was a lack of systematic assessment of the DNA damaging and carcinogenic potential of NPs in spite of their extensive use in nanotechnological applications (Turkez et al 2013b).…”