Cytotoxicity of Extracts from Petiveria alliacea Leaves on Yeast

Abstract

Petiveria alliacea L. is a plant used in traditional medicine harboring pharmacological properties with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, hypoglycemiant and anesthetic activities. This study assessed the potential cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of ethanolic extract of P. alliacea on Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. S. cerevisiae FF18733 (wild type) and CD138 (ogg1) strains were exposed to fractioned ethanolic extracts of P. alliacea in different concentrations. Three experimental assays were performed: cellular inactivation, mutagenesis (canavanine resistance system) and loss of mitochondrial function (petites colonies). The chemical analyses revealed a rich extract with phenolic compounds such as protocatechuic acid, cinnamic and catechin epicatechin. A decreased cell viability in wild-type and ogg1 strains was demonstrated. All fractions of the extract exerted a mutagenic effect on the ogg1 strain. Only ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions increased the rate of petites colonies in the ogg1 strain, but not in the wild-type strain. The results indicate that fractions of mid-polarity of the ethanolic extract, at the studied concentrations, can induce mutagenicity mediated by oxidative lesions in the mitochondrial and genomic genomes of the ogg1-deficient S. cerevisiae strain. These findings indicate that the lesions caused by the fractions of P. alliacea ethanolic extract can be mediated by reactive oxygen species and can reach multiple molecular targets to exert their toxicity.

Amazonian Plants: A Global Bibliometric Approach to Petiveria alliacea L. Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties

“…The second study tracked also addresses the antinociceptive property of the species, but this time in murine models, confirming its analgesic potential in inflammatory contexts. Since then, the in vivo study, using animal models, has been the most applied, being present in 55.6% of the articles [ 2 , 6 , 9 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. This is followed by in vitro tests, present in 27 works [ 2 , 6 , 9 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

“…It is also interesting to note the progression in the number of publications over the years, which was 0.9 articles/year in the first decade, increasing in the following decades to 1.4 and 2.3 articles/year. Between 2021 and 2022, eight articles were published [ 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 19 ]. This, however, points to the continuity of the progression, reaching four articles/year.…”

“…Regarding the plant derivatives used in the studies, leaves [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 56 , 57 ], roots [ 7 , 16 , 33 , 37 , 39 , 43 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 55 ], and stems [ 16 , 21 , 24 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 45 , 49 , 51 , 58 ], respectively, we...…”

“…Doses between 10 [ 8 ] and 5000 mg/kg [ 35 ] have been tested in the investigation of about 20 different biological activities in vivo, with its toxicity ( n = 9), immunomodulatory ( n = 7), antimicrobial ( n = 7), antinociceptive ( n = 5), anti-inflammatory ( n = 5), antineoplasic ( n = 5), and antioxidant ( n = 4) properties being the most frequent. The in vitro concentrations tested range from 5 to 1000 µg/mL [ 6 , 10 , 18 , 20 , 33 , 39 , 46 , 58 ].…”

“…Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) is a plant species widely distributed in the Amazon region but also found in various regions of the Americas, including the Caribbean islands and Mexico [ 6 ]. It is characterized as an herbaceous plant with a height ranging from 5 to 150 cm, featuring an erect, cylindrical stem and branches [ 7 ].…”