Cytotoxicity of Marchantia convoluta leaf extracts to human liver and lung cancer cells

Abstract

The cytotoxicity of three extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from a plant used in folk medicine, Marchantia convoluta, to human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H1299) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines was tested. After 72-h incubation of lung and liver cancer cell cultures with varying concentrations of extracts (15 to 200 µg/mL), cytotoxicity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and reported in terms of cell viability. The extracts that showed a significant cytotoxicity were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify the components. The ethyl acetate, but not the petroleum ether or n-butanol extract, had a significant cytotoxicity against lung and liver carcinoma cells with IC 50 values of 100 and 30 µg/mL, respectively. A high concentration of ethyl acetate extract (100 µg/mL) rapidly reduced the number of H1299 cells. At lower concentrations of ethyl acetate extract (15, 30, and 40 µg/mL), the numbers of HepG2 cells started to decrease markedly. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of several compounds such as phytol (23.42%), 1,2,4-tripropylbenzene (13.09%), 9-cedranone (12.75%), ledene oxide (7.22%), caryophyllene (1.82%), and caryophyllene oxide (1.15%). HPLC analysis result showed that there were no flavonoids in ethyl acetate extract, but flavonoids are abundant in n-butanol extract. Further studies are needed regarding the identification, toxicity, and mechanism of action of active compounds. Correspondence

Cytotoxic evaluation of essential oil from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. leaves

“…Cytotoxicity is expressed as the concentration of the substance (essential oil and terpenes) inhibiting cell growth by 50% (CD 50 ). Three replicate plates were used to determine the cytotoxicity of each sample (Stavri et al, 2005;Hou et al, 2006, Xiao et al, 2006.…”

“…leaves was determined (Moura et al, 2006). Despite not being preponderant, the oil analyses showed that among its numerous constituents, there are some components described in literature as cytotoxic substances against tumoral cells, such as β-caryophyllene (5.9%), β-elemene (3.1%), δ -elemene (1.6%), α-humulene (2.3%) (Duh et al, 1999;Legault et al, 2003;Sibanda et al, 2004;Sylvestre et al, 2005;Stravi et al, 2005;Tatman and Mo, 2002;Wang et al, 2005;Sylvestre et al, 2006;Hou et al, 2006;Tao et al, 2006;Xiao et al, 2006. Some other components with no or low antitumoral activity were also found in this species, eg sphathulenol (3.8%), á-pinene (6.4%), linalool (0.5%), myrcene (0.6%) (Fullas et al, 1994;Tatman & Mo, 2002;Stavri et al, 2005).…”

Comparison of Volatile Components From Marchantia Convoluta Obtained by Microwave Extraction and Phytosol Extraction

“…A high dosage of flavonoids from M. convoluta (20 and 40 µg/mL) can significantly reduce the activity of ALT (Alanine aminotranferease) and AST (Alanine aminotranferease) in the serum of mice with acute hepatic injury caused by CCl 4 and increase the contents of TP (Total protein) and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), as well as inhibit the auricle tympanites of mice caused by dimethylbenzene 1 . Flavonoids from M. convoluta strongly inhibited bacteria, anti-inflammation and diuresis in mice The ethyl acetate extract from M. convoluta strongly inhibited tumors in human liver and lung cancer cell lines 3,11 . Flavonoids from M. convoluta strongly inhibit Staphylococcus aureus 1,10 .…”

Cytotoxic evaluation of essential oil from Casearia sylvestris Sw on human cancer cells and erythrocytes

“…Esteves et al (2005) have determined recently the composition of the essential oil obtained from C. sylvestris leaves and verified that the major component is the bicyclogermacrene (40.9%), a component with low antitumoral potential. Nevertheless, a high percentage of this essential oil (around 17.5%) is constituted by two sesquiterpens, which cytotoxic activity is very potent and well characterized: β-caryophyllene (13.8%) and α-humulene (3.7%) (Duh et al, 1999;Tatman et al, 2002;Sibanda et al, 2004;Sylvestre et al, 2005;Sylvestre et al, 2006;Hou et al 2006;Xiao et al, 2006). This work describes the evaluation of the C. sylvestris essential oil cytotoxity against tumor cells (HeLa, A-549 and HT-29 cell lines).…”