Cytotoxicity of Methacrylate Dental Resins to Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the acute and delayed cytotoxicity of three, popular light-cured methacrylate-based restorative resins (MRs): Charisma (C), Estelite (E), and Filtek (F), to human gingival fibroblasts in culture. Cells were grown for up to 24 h with light-cured (or pre-cured) resins. We evaluated resin cytotoxicity, redox imbalance, necrosis/apoptosis, miR-9, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The role of resin-induced oxidative stress (damage) in HSP70-response (repair) was assessed using binary fluorescence labeling. All MRs decreased viable cell numbers and cell proliferation and damaged cell membranes, and their 24 h-delayed toxicity was lower (C), higher (F), or similar (E) to that induced by freshly-cured resins. Cell membrane damage induced by C and E decreased with time, while F produced a linear increase. All resins generated intracellular oxidative stress with the predominant necrotic outcome, and produced heterogeneous responses in miR-9 and HSP70. The double fluorescence (damage/repair) experiments pointed to common features of E and F but not C. In the subset of cells, the binary response induced by E and F was different from C, similar to each other, and positively interrelated. Experimental data show that selective MR cytotoxicity should be taken into account when considering repetitive use or massive reconstruction.

Considerations about Cytotoxicity of Resin-Based Composite Dental Materials: A Systematic Review

“…In contrast, Charisma Topaz did not produce significant cytotoxicity on periodontal ligament fibroblasts after 24 h of incubation and was the only cytotoxic material in 1 week of exposure [ 40 ]. Sulek et al tested the cytotoxicity of Charisma, Estelite Sigma Quick, and Filtek Z250 on human gingival fibroblasts via MTT assay [ 41 ]. All tested materials significantly decreased cell viability while freshly cured.…”

“…Charisma generated a 58% decrease in cell viability, and Filtek Z250 and Estelite Sigma Quick resulted in a 31% and 22% decrease, respectively. In delayed toxicity testing by LDH assay, pre-incubated Charisma toxicity was significantly lower, Estelite Sigma Quick resulted in similar toxicity, and Filtek Z250 was significantly more toxic [ 41 ]. Agnes et al examined human dental pulp cells exposed to Flow Line and Durafill resin composites combined with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Dycal capping materials using LDH assay [ 44 ].…”

“…Incomplete polymerization plays a major role in RBCs cytotoxicity, allowing for the elution of toxic methacrylate and dimethacrylate monomers: BisGMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, HEMA, BisEMA [ 11 , 15 , 41 ]. Most authors agree that the extent of the toxic effect is dependent on several factors, e.g., the chemical composition of the material, dose, and time of exposure, as well as internal factors, e.g., cell line, cell lining parameters, cellular membrane integrity, cell volume, and cytoplasm volume, the refractive index of the cell, the propensity to cleave DNA, and related nuclear condensation [ 12 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 46 ].…”

“…mi-R9 is a stress-related micro-RNA with indicative potential for the transition of healthy fibroblasts into cancer cells. This micro-RNA binds to 3′-untranslated regions of the target mRNA, regulating the transcription of several genes relevant to cell physiology and pathology, and its increased level is typical for epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, indicating cancer transformation [ 41 ]. HSP70 is an important chaperone and stress marker protein involved in protection mechanisms against thermal, chemical, and oxidative stress, responsible for refolding damaged proteins and inhibiting apoptosis [ 41 ].…”

3D‐Printed Temporary Wing Bride as a Temporary Restoration in the Posterior

“…Cytotoxicity of dental monomers has been reported. Although cytotoxicity induced by dental monomers has been reported, it is too early at this stage to suggest better clinical practices, except perhaps to avoid skin contact with the chosen material [ 33 ].…”