Cytotoxicity of polymerized commercial cyanoacrylate adhesive on cultured human oral fibroblasts

Abstract

Cyanoacrylate (CA) has been used as both a commercial and tissue adhesive. Dentists may have had the experience of patients repairing their own acrylic‐based dentures using a cyanoacrylate (CA) adhesive known as ‘super glue’. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of commercial CA adhesives when fully polymerized, as well as the toxicity of substances released from polymerized commercial CA adhesives after incubation of these materials for various periods of time. Toxicity was tested on cultured oral fibroblasts. Dead cells found around the various CA‐coated filter papers constituted inhibitory zones which varied from 200–1000 μm and which persited for two weeks. Control oral fibroblasts grew to approach the waxcoated filter paper. Cell viability testing using MTT and crystal violet staining methods supported the conculsion that polymerized CA‐coated filter paper released substances that are toxic to cells, while wax‐coated filter paper gave the same result as the control. The crystal violet staining method was also used to investigate the cytotoxicity of various CA materials after incubation for one, three, seven and 14 days and showed that CA continued to release cytotoxic substances at about the same level for at least two weeks. It can be concluded that, if CA adhesive is used for repair of broken dentures, it will release substances which are toxic to human oral fibroblast cells. This release of substances may persist for at least two weeks.

Toxicity of Cyanoacrylate Adhesives and Their Occupational Impacts for Dental Staff.

“…This recent study also found that, while the cytotoxicity of commercial CA is reduced considerably following incubation with the media for 24 h, it still releases cytotoxic substances for at least 2 wk 20) . Similar results were found with various commercially available CA adhesives 20) . Earlier work has proposed that CA adhesives may generate lipid hydroperoxides that activate prostaglandin and thromboxane biosynthesis and also oxidise and lyse cell membranes 21) .…”

“…The polymerisation or setting reaction of CA is exothermic and the heat released may cause cell damage in cell culture and possibly when used as a tissue adhesive or whenever CA comes into direct contact with cells 1) . Even when filter paper is used as the vehicle for the adhesive to avoid direct cell contact with the adhesive, this form of polymerised commercial CA has been found to be cytotoxic to human oral fibroblast cell culture 20) . This recent study also found that, while the cytotoxicity of commercial CA is reduced considerably following incubation with the media for 24 h, it still releases cytotoxic substances for at least 2 wk 20) .…”

“…Even when filter paper is used as the vehicle for the adhesive to avoid direct cell contact with the adhesive, this form of polymerised commercial CA has been found to be cytotoxic to human oral fibroblast cell culture 20) . This recent study also found that, while the cytotoxicity of commercial CA is reduced considerably following incubation with the media for 24 h, it still releases cytotoxic substances for at least 2 wk 20) . Similar results were found with various commercially available CA adhesives 20) .…”

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Patient with Chronic Cyanoacrylate Exposure

“…Cyanoacrylates have not been reported in association with development of malignancy. However, direct toxicity of these molecules reported includes urticaria, contact dermatitis, and other dermatoses [2, 3]. Additionally, reports have been published regarding development of chronic granulomatous reactions to cyanoacrylate administration [4].…”

Adesivos à base de cianoacrilato para síntese de tecido mole

“…8,13,14 A toxicidade destes adesivos está relacionada a sua velocidade de degradação, e ao tamanho da cadeia, ou seja, quanto maior for a cadeia lateral, menor a velocidade de degradação e menor a histotoxicidade, e também, quanto maior a cadeia lateral maior tempo de cura. 13,14 Vários autores ao longo dos anos analisaram a biocompatibilidade dos adesivos de cianoacrilato, 14,15 e observaram que o metil-cianoacrilato é o que apresenta o maior grau de histotoxicidade, causando edema e necrose tecidual, sendo contraindicados para o uso clínico. 16 Adesivos de etil-cianoacrilato não apresentaram reação inflamatória, apesar de apresentarem uma maior velocidade de degradação.…”