Cytotoxicity of Postmodified Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐90 (ZIF‐90) Nanocrystals: Correlation between Functionality and Toxicity

Abstract

Using a simple method, the aldehyde groups of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) nanocrystals were converted into carboxyl, amino, and thiol groups, without affecting the integrity of the framework. Notably, for the first time, correlations between functionality and cytotoxicity are also demonstrated via in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The positive charged aminated-ZIF-90 presumably results in either perturbation of cell membrane, more efficient cell uptake, or both. Therefore, the half-maximal effective (EC50 ) concentration of aminated-ZIF-90 has a higher cytotoxicity of about 30 μg mL(-1) .

Surface modification of ZIF‐90 with triptycene for enhanced interfacial interaction in mixed‐matrix membranes for gas separation

“…In the composite film at 30 wt% filler loading, the amine stretching peak shifted from 3,367 cm −1 to 3,358 cm −1 and was broadened. Also, a new peak at 1,677 cm −1 appeared, which can be attributed to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding 51 . In addition, the position of the carbonyl asymmetric stretching peak shifted from 1,728 cm −1 to 1,731 cm −1 , indicating the presence of hydrogen bonding as well.…”

Manganese-Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks-90 with High Blood Circulation Stability for MRI-Guided Tumor Therapy

“…The synthesis of ZIF-90 was performed according to pervious reports [ 24 , 35 ]. Generally, Zn (CH 3 COOH) 2 ·2H 2 O was dissolved in 2 mL DMF to 0.2 M and then added to a freshly prepared 2 mL transparent DMF solution of 2-ICA (0.2 M) under vigorous stirring.…”

“…Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are thought to be an attractive carrier for both therapeutic drugs and imaging agents due to their high surface areas, tunable pore sizes, and pH-triggered release [24][25][26][27][28]. For example, many therapeutic drugs (DOX or 5-Fu) and imaging agents (IRDye-820 or iron oxide nanoparticles) could be either absorbed or encapsulated into ZIFs by one-pot synthesis.…”

“…Although ZIF nanosystems have been glorified in the past, most of them are still less specific to tumors [24][25][26]. Peptide ligand modification has been proved to improve the delivery efficiency of DDS with obvious advantages, such as targeting tumor sites, improving hydrophilicity, and prolonging blood circulation [39,40].…”

“…For example, many therapeutic drugs (DOX or 5-Fu) and imaging agents (IRDye-820 or iron oxide nanoparticles) could be either absorbed or encapsulated into ZIFs by one-pot synthesis. However, many problems still hinder the further application of ZIFs as imaging-guided tumor therapeutic platforms, such as unexpected drug release during blood circulation, serious side effects including death, and low drug loading when carrying both drugs and imaging agents [ 24 , 29 ]. Although the exchange of Mn to the structure of ZIF-8 could make it suitable for imaging [ 30 , 31 ], the unexpected toxicity generated from ZIF-8 prevents its further bio-application in vivo [ 29 ].…”