Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Filling Materials to Three Different Human Cell Lines

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological compatibility of five root canal sealers (Sealapex, Endion, Super-EBA, Ketac-Endo, and AH Plus) and regular and calcium hydroxide-based gutta-percha in three different human cell lines. Cultures without root canal sealers were used as controls. Cell growth, cell morphology, cell viability, protein content of the cells, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were used as parameters to determine the cytotoxicity of the materials. The protein content of the three cell lines--nasal fibroblasts, gingival fibroblasts, and epithelial tumor cells--was significantly reduced (p < or = 0.001) by all materials tested. Determinations of PGE2 release showed significant material specific differences. No significant increased PGE2 release values were found with Sealapex, Endion, and Super-EBA. On the contrary significantly increased PGE2 levels were measured with Ketac Endo, AH Plus, regular and calcium hydroxide-based gutta-percha points (p < or = 0.001).

Effect of time of extraction on the biocompatibility of endodontic sealers with primary human fibroblasts

“…10,17 However, Chang et al, 29 showed only a moderate cytotoxicity to periodontal ligament fibroblasts at 3 and 18 h. Regardless of time, this cytotoxicity probably resulted from components/additives such as polymethylene methyl salicylate resin and isobutyl salicylate (Table 1) present in Sealapex. 30 Roth Root 801 proved to be a cytotoxic material at day 1, in agreement with the results of Key et al 17 In contrast, Willershausen et al, 16 using the prostaglandin release assay in gingival fibroblast cultures, found a relatively low cytotoxic effect of Super-EBA, another reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol material, at longer times, while the eugenol-based Roth Root 801 still demonstrated a high cytotoxic effect by day 7 (Figure 1). This phenomenon possibly correlates with the results of Schwarze et al, 21 who described, in a study with 3T3 and HPL cells, that endomethasone strongly inhibited mitochondrial activity during the first 5 h, very likely due to the release of the cytotoxic substance eugenol.…”

“…AL-Nazhan 16 have demonstrated that diploid human fibroblasts of gingival and nasal origin present improved sensitivity when compared with transformed epithelial tumor cells. This may be a problem commonly faced in studies with transformed cells, which are usually aneuploid.…”

“…This may be a problem commonly faced in studies with transformed cells, which are usually aneuploid. The expected desirable similarity of primary cell culture with in vivo tissue responses, and the recognition of human gingival fibroblasts as an adequate model for the early detection of possible cytotoxic effects of root canal filling materials, [16][17][18][19] led to the choice of these cells in the present methodology.…”

Effect of a cordless retraction paste on titanium surface: a topographic, chemical and biocompatibility evaluation

“…11 Disks were seeded at a density of 4 × 10 3 cells/cm², and allowed to adhere for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then incubated in α-MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) for 48 hours at 37°C.…”

“…Culture and quantitative measurement of human diploid fibroblasts are an appropriate model for identifying the early cytotoxic effects of dental materials. 11 In this in vitro study, we evaluated the effect of a cordless gingival retraction paste on sterile titanium disks. The surface chemistry was first determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and further investigated using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).…”