Cytotoxicity of Selenium-Enriched Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) Seedlings Against Caco-2, MCF-7 and HepG2 Cancer Cells

Abstract

Cultivation of Se-KS Seeds of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) were obtained from Chia Tai Company Limited (Thailand). Authentication of the seeds was done by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anut Chantiratikul from Mahasarakham University using seed morphology checking and cultivation trial in ABSTRACT Background: The Selenium-enriched Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) seedlings (Se-KS) have been known for its antioxidant activities, however its cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells are yet to be reported. Objective: The objective of this work was to study the cytotoxic effects of Se-KS on Caco-2, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Freeze-dried seedlings were ground and incubated in 0.1 M citrate phosphate buffer pH 7.0 for 1 h at 37°C and extracted with dichloromethane to obtain total isothiocyanate (ITC) content which was quantified using the 1,2-benzenedithiole (BDT)-based cyclocondensation assay. The extracts from fresh seedlings were used to determine the cytotoxic effect on Caco-2, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells. Results: Se-KS was found to contain total ITC content at 1.02 mmol/100 g dry weight (DW) which was significantly lower than that of 7-day old broccoli microgreens (1.60 mmol/100 g DW) as reference Cruciferous vegetables. In addition, Se-KS extract exhibited cytotoxic effects in a dose-and time-dependent manners. The lowest IC50 value of 82.83 µg/mL at 72 h was derived from HepG2 cells and the highest IC50 value of 164.00 µg/mL at 72 h was from MCF-7 cells suggesting that the Se-KS extract was most effective against HepG2 cells. Cancer cells showed signs of apoptotic bodies over 72 h and DNA fragmentations at 24 h indicating that the Se-KS extract was able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in addition to cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: Thus, Se-KS could be a novel source of organo selenium with chemopreventive benefits for functional food development.

Effect of supplementation and withdrawal of selenium-enriched kale sprouts on productivity and egg selenium concentration of laying hens

“…A r t i c l e human cancer cells [17], suggesting SeKS as a promising Se source for farm animals and humans.…”

Phytochemicals, proximate and elemental analysis, antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of purple (<i>Capitata</i> F. rubra) and green (<i>Capitata</i> Linn.) <i>Brassica oleraceae</i> (cabbage)

“…According to the CC50 values, which are less than the American National Cancer Institute's (NCI) standard (CC50 < 30 µg/mL) for crude extracts [52], the Brassicaceae vegetables used in this study demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxic potentials. Several reports have shown the potential of various Brassicaceae vegetables against different cancer cells [53,54,55], but this study is the first report on the potential of the two cabbage varieties against RD.…”

Isothiocyanate-Rich Extracts from Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Var. Botrytis) and Radish (Raphanus sativus) Inhibited Metabolic Activity and Induced ROS in Selected Human HCT116 and HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells

“…On a different colorectal cancer cell line (Caco-2), Chinese kale ( Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) displayed cytotoxic effects >20 % for 150–250 µg/mL doses, and the effect was attributed to the total isothiocyanate content of the seedlings (1.06 mmol/100 g dry weight) [ 59 ]. In HT-29 cells, AITC and BITC displayed IC 50 of 5.4 µM (53.5 × 10 −3 mg/mL) and 10 µM (1.49 × 10 −3 mg/mL), respectively [ 60 ].…”