Cytotoxicity study of novel water‐soluble chitosan derivatives applied as membrane material of alginate microcapsules

Abstract

The majority of cell encapsulation systems applied so far are based on polyelectrolyte complexes of alginate and polyvalent metal cations. Although widely used, these systems suffer from the risk of disintegration. This can be partially solved by applying chitosan as additional outer membrane. However, chitosan can be dissolved in water only at a low pH, which limits its use in the field of bioencapsulation. In this study, novel primary and tertiary amine chitosan derivatives have been synthesized, which may be dissolved at pH 7.0, and retain the ability to effectively form additional membrane on the surface of alginate beads. As aqueous solutions tertiary amines dimethylamino-1-propyl-chitosan and dimethylethylamine-chitosan with linear hydrochloride aliphatic chains had the lowest toxicity, whereas dimethylpropylamine-chitosan, diethylaminoethyl-chitosan, and diisopropylaminoethyl-chitosan with branched hydrochloride aliphatic were cytotoxic to the majority of tested cells. When applied as polyelectrolyte complexation agent on the surface of alginate beads, none of the derivates had any negative effect on the metabolic activity of encapsulated beta-cells.

Controlled Release of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist from Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Microspheres Attenuates Interleukin-1β-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Chondrocytes

“…It features excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability alongside ecological safety as well as low toxicity and immunogenicity. CS possesses versatile biological activities and applications, including antimicrobial effect and use as a scaffold in tissue engineering and a carrying system for the delivery of drugs and nucleotides [17–21]. Injection of CS solution into the murine knee joint caused a significant increase in the density of newly formed chondrocytes, suggesting that it could facilitate the healing of the cartilage.…”

Survival of encapsulated islets: More than a membrane story

“…The data generated for chitosan as an encapsulating hydrogel are limited and chitosan is usually formulated as part of a more complex membrane that also includes alginate or methacrylated glycol [9294] . Also, its application is rather limited because it binds crosslinking molecules at acidic pH and does not bind them at physiological pH [95] . Cellulose was also tested for encapsulation; however, it never reached animal testing [96,97] .…”

ADME-Tox profiling of some water soluble chitosan derivatives

“…In vitro studies revealed that chitosan and some of its water soluble derivatives have antifungal activity and may be used for wound healing purposes [5,[8][9][10][11]. According to these findings, we considered in this study 14 low molecular weight WSDC known to be useful for wound healing.…”