Cytotype differences modulate eco‐geographical differentiation in the widespread plant <i>Centaurea stoebe</i>

Hahn, Min A.

doi:10.1890/12-1393.1

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Overall, these patterns indicate that seed sourced from tetraploid plants has a narrower germination niche than diploid seed, but that once germinated they grow faster under more optimal conditions than those sourced from diploid plants. The ability of plants to establish reproducing populations in new environments, and to persist in fluctuating, extreme or changing climates (te Beest et al ; Hahn & Müller‐Schärer ), are known to be associated with dispersal ability, a high relative growth rate, wide environmental tolerance, high competitive ability and avoidance of genetic bottlenecks, among other factors (Levin ). Our investigation into the early life stages of T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy affects the seed, dormancy and seedling characteristics of a perennial grass, conferring an advantage in stressful climates

et al. 2020

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Polyploidy (the state of having more than two genome copies) is widely distributed in flowering plants and can vary within species, with polyploid races often associated with broad ecological tolerances. Polyploidy may influence within-species variation in seed development, germination and establishment. We hypothesized that interactions between polyploidy and the seed developmental environment would affect subsequent dormancy, germination and early growth traits, particularly in stressful environments.• Using seeds developed in a common garden under ambient and warmed conditions, we conducted germination trials under drought and temperature stress, and monitored the subsequent growth of seedlings. The study species, Themeda triandra, is a widespread, keystone, Australian native grass and a known polyploid complex.• Tetraploid plants produced heavier, more viable seeds than diploids. Tetraploids were significantly more dormant than diploids, regardless of seed developmental environment. Non-dormant tetraploids were more sensitive to germination stress compared to non-dormant diploids. Finally, tetraploid seedlings were larger and grew faster than diploids, usually when maternal plants were exposed to developmental temperatures atypical to the source environment.• Seed and seedling traits suggest tetraploids are generally better adapted to stressful environments than diploids. Because tetraploid seeds of T. triandra are more dormant they are less likely to germinate under stress, and when they do germinate, seedling growth is rapid and independent of seed developmental environment. These novel results demonstrate that polyploidy, sometimes in interaction with developmental environment and possibly also asexuality, can have within-species variation in seed and seedling traits that increase fitness in stressful environments.Plant Biology 22 (2020) 500-513

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy affects the seed, dormancy and seedling characteristics of a perennial grass, conferring an advantage in stressful climates

et al. 2020

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“…; Henery et al . ; Hahn & Müller‐Schärer ). Furthermore, disturbance is assumed to support the establishment of C. stoebe within natural communities in North America (Emery & Rudgers ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local pre‐adaptation to disturbance and inbreeding–environment interactions affect colonisation abilities of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe

2017

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Primary colonisation in invasive ranges most commonly occurs in disturbed habitats, where anthropogenic disturbance may cause physical damage to plants. The tolerance to such damage may differ between cytotypes and among populations as a result of differing population histories (adaptive differentiation between ruderal verus natural habitats). Moreover, founder populations often experience inbreeding depression, the effects of which may increase through physical damage due to inbreeding-environment interactions. We aimed to understand how such colonisation processes differ between diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe populations, with a view to understanding why only tetraploids are invasive. We conducted a clipping experiment (frequency: zero, once or twice in the growing season) on inbred versus outbred offspring originating from 37 C. stoebe populations of varying cytotype, range and habitat type (natural versus ruderal). Aboveground biomass was harvested at the end of the vegetation period, while re-sprouting success was recorded in the following spring. Clipping reduced re-sprouting success and biomass, which was significantly more pronounced in natural than in ruderal populations. Inbreeding depression was not detected under benign conditions, but became increasingly apparent in biomass when plants were clipped. The effects of clipping and inbreeding did not differ between cytotypes. Adaptive differentiation in disturbance tolerance was higher among populations than between cytotypes, which highlights the potential of pre-adaptation in ruderal populations during early colonisation on anthropogenically disturbed sites. While the consequences of inbreeding increased through clipping-mediated stress, they were comparable between cytotypes, and consequently do not contribute to understanding the cytotype shift in the invasive range.

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“…Tolerance is a mechanism by which plants are able to ameliorate the negative effects of herbivory (e.g., Fornoni, 2011). For example, Centaurea stoebe has been shown to overcompensate in response to root herbivory (Hahn and Müller‐Schärer, 2013). Roots of tetraploids grew more in response to herbivory than diploid plants, leading to increased plant productivity.…”

Section: Interactions With Pollinators and Floral Visitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species interactions and plant polyploidy

Segraves

Anneberg

2016

American J of Botany

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Polyploidy is a common mode of speciation that can have far-reaching consequences for plant ecology and evolution. Because polyploidy can induce an array of phenotypic changes, there can be cascading effects on interactions with other species. These interactions, in turn, can have reciprocal effects on polyploid plants, potentially impacting their establishment and persistence. Although there is a wealth of information on the genetic and phenotypic effects of polyploidy, the study of species interactions in polyploid plants remains a comparatively young field. Here we reviewed the available evidence for how polyploidy may impact many types of species interactions that range from mutualism to antagonism. Specifically, we focused on three main questions: (1) Does polyploidy directly cause the formation of novel interactions not experienced by diploids, or does it create an opportunity for natural selection to then form novel interactions? (2) Does polyploidy cause consistent, predictable changes in species interactions vs. the evolution of idiosyncratic differences? (3) Does polyploidy lead to greater evolvability in species interactions? From the scarce evidence available, we found that novel interactions are rare but that polyploidy can induce changes in pollinator, herbivore, and pathogen interactions. Although further tests are needed, it is likely that selection following whole-genome duplication is important in all types of species interaction and that there are circumstances in which polyploidy can enhance the evolvability of interactions with other species.

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Cytotype differences modulate eco‐geographical differentiation in the widespread plant Centaurea stoebe

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Polyploidy affects the seed, dormancy and seedling characteristics of a perennial grass, conferring an advantage in stressful climates

Polyploidy affects the seed, dormancy and seedling characteristics of a perennial grass, conferring an advantage in stressful climates

Local pre‐adaptation to disturbance and inbreeding–environment interactions affect colonisation abilities of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe

Species interactions and plant polyploidy

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