Czynniki zwiększające ryzyko mózgowego porażenia dziecięcego

Sternal, Marta; Kwiatkowska, Barbara; Borysławski, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/s0031-3939(11)70466-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In women of advanced reproductive age, pathological processes disturbing implantation (endometriosis, chronic inflammation in the minor uterus, uterine fibroids), miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, placenta previa, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, increased blood pressure during pregnancy, multiple births, premature births, abnormal fetal position, uterine rupture, or stillbirths are significantly more frequent (Albers et al 1995;Heffner 2004;Usta and Nassar 2008;Rajaee et al 2010;Liu and Case 2011;Canterino 2012;Hoque 2012;Karoshi and Newbold 2012;Khalil et al 2013;Laopaiboon et al 2014). In the light of the available literature, all these complications may be causally related to the development of CP (Asher and Schonell 1950;Radecka and Chmielińska 1974;Fletcher and Foley 1993;Platt and Pharoah 1995;Spinillo et al 1998;Blair and Stanley 2002;Thorngren-Jerneck and Herbst 2006;Wu et al 2010;Milewska et al 2011;Sternal et al 2011;Wu et al 2011;Lang et al 2012;McIntyre et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal age as a risk factor for cerebral palsy

Sternal¹,

Kwiatkowska²,

Borysławski³

et al. 2021

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The relationship between maternal age and the occurrence of cerebral palsy is still highly controversial. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of maternal age on the risk of CP development, taking into account all significant risk factors and the division into single, twin, full-term, and pre-term pregnancies. The survey covered 278 children with CP attending selected educational institutions in Poland. The control group consisted of data collected from the medical records of 435 children born at Limanowa county hospital, Poland. The analyses included socio-economic factors, factors related to pregnancy and childbirth, and factors related to the presence of comorbidities and diseases in the child. Constructed logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses. For all age categories included in the estimated models (assessing the effect of demographic factors on the development of CP), only the category of ≤24 years of age (in the group of all children) was significant. It was estimated that in this mother’s age category, the risk of CP is lower (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0) in comparison to mothers aged 25-29 (p = 0.03). However, estimation with the use of a complex logistic regression model did not show any significant effect of maternal age on the incidence of CP in groups from different pregnancies types. It became apparent that maternal age is a weak predictor of CP, insignificant in the final logistic regression model. It seems correct to assume that the studies conducted so far, showing a significant effect of maternal age in this respect, may be associated with bias in the estimators used to assess the risk of CP due to the fact that other important risk factors for CP development were not included in the research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polyetiological nature of CP and the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to its formation are not fully understood yet, which is the main reason for the constant search for independent factors predisposing to its occurrence (Sternal et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal age as a risk factor for cerebral palsy

Sternal¹,

Kwiatkowska²,

Borysławski³

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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“…The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are heterogenous and still incompletely known which is the main reason for continuous search for independent factors which favor the occurrence of cerebral palsy (Sternal et al 2011). In our opinion the role of father in the etiopathogenesis of cerebral palsy should be considered as one of potential factors responsible for the condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Paternal age and the risk of cerebral palsy

Sternal

Kwiatkowska

Borysławski

et al. 2020

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In the literature there are no unequivocal assessments of the effect of paternal age on the risk of cerebral palsy (CP). The objective of the studies was the analysis of the influence of paternal age on this risk, considering all the important risk factors and division into singleton and twin, as well as term- and preterm-born infants. The inquiry included a group of 278 children with cerebral palsy from selected education-therapeutic institutions in Poland. The control group consisted of the data from medical records of 435 neonates born in God’s Mercy Hospital in Limanowa, Poland. The data were based on a questionnaire designed to obtain information which would make it possible to ascertain the probable etiological factors. Constructed models of logistic regression were used in statistical analysis. The results were presented as the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Though the estimation with a complex model of logistic regression showed no significant effect of paternal age on the occurrence of cerebral palsy, it confirmed it as a stronger predictor compared to maternal age. Disregarding paternal of age while considering maternal age and other risk factors may lead to a bias in the estimations of the risk cerebral palsy.

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Paying Attention to Politics: Public Responsiveness and Welfare Policy Change

Bendz¹

2015

Policy Studies Journal

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In order for the democratic process to work properly, it is vital that the public pays attention to politics and signals its opinions and preferences back to its representatives; if this is not the case, representatives have less incentive to represent. This article deals with the question of whether and how the public responds to welfare policy change. The thermostatic model departs from the assumption that the public responds to policy change with negative feedback, in relation to its preferred level of policy. The empirical analysis tests this model on public responses following the implementation of a consumer's choice model in Swedish primary health care. Did the reform trigger a thermostatic response from the public, and how should this be interpreted? A contribution in relation to previous research is the inclusion of ideological orientation and proximity, variables which, I argue, condition the nature and direction of public responsiveness. The study was designed as a natural experiment in which preferences of privatization of health care were measured before and after the health care reform of 2009/2010. The results provide partial support for the thermostatic model: preferences for further privatization decrease after the reform, but primarily within one subgroup. Additionally, public responses are demonstrated to vary according to ideological orientation, where the right-oriented react thermostatically and the left-oriented do not. The article contributes to a further understanding of the relation between policymaking and public opinion and to the expansion of thermostatic theory.

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Czynniki zwiększające ryzyko mózgowego porażenia dziecięcego

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Maternal age as a risk factor for cerebral palsy

Maternal age as a risk factor for cerebral palsy

Paternal age and the risk of cerebral palsy

Paying Attention to Politics: Public Responsiveness and Welfare Policy Change

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