D-Dot Sensor Response Improvement in the Evaluation of High-Power Microwave Pulses

Abstract

This article investigates the issue of measuring high-power microwave (HPM) pulses. The high energy of these pulses poses a significant threat to many electronic systems, including those used to manage critical infrastructure. This work focuses on requirements for a potential portable measurement device and suggests the application of a method for this purpose, involving the use of a D-dot sensor and a rapid A/D converter. The applied converter enables recording the time waveform on the measuring chain output, also in the case of repetition and time duration of HPM signals. The authors also present a quantitative description of signal processing by the analogue section of the measurement chain solution presented herein and suggest algorithms for digital processing of the signals, the objective of which is to minimize low-frequency interference in the process of reconstructing the time waveform of an electric field using numerical integration.

The Issue of Operating Security Systems in Terms of the Impact of Electromagnetic Interference Generated Unintentionally

“…The impact of use [29], operation and power supply [30,31] conditions, including the impact of unfavorable external [32][33][34][35], and internal [36] environmental factors (e.g., low-frequency electromagnetic field) on electronic telematics [37][38][39][40] and security systems can be described through, e.g., a change in the intensity of damage to λ components making up a specific system [41,42]. Telematics and security systems and equipment operated in the container contain a large number of active and passive elements.…”

Identification and Compensation for D-Dot Measurement System in Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Measurement

“…Refs. [ 21 , 22 ] improved the traditional numerical integration method by using the Tustin equation, Al-Alaoui equation, Gauss–Legendre method, and other numerical calculation methods to ensure the high accuracy and linearity of the integral results. According to these studies, the updated digital integrators provide frequency characteristic curves that are more in line with the ideal integral curve.…”

Study of the B-Dot Sensor for Aircraft Surface Current Measurement

“…B-dot post-processing is similar to D-dot. Jakubowski et al reconstructed an electric field time-domain waveform through numerical integration by using a digital processing algorithm [ 30 ]. Yao Lijun et al used data with an amplitude of 0 to remove the bias of D-dot measurement data, but did not consider the accuracy of half-peak time identification [ 31 ].…”