D/H and 18O/16O Fractionation in Ice-Water System

Suzuoki, Tetsuro; Kimura, Toshiro

doi:10.5702/massspec1953.21.229

Cited by 58 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…They determined the oxygen isotopic fractionation factors between gas hydrates and ambient pore waters as 1.0034 and 1.0037-1.0040 at each drilling site on the Blake Ridge. The fractionation factors obtained in this work are found to be similar to literature values described above and similar to that between ice and water, which is in the range of 1.0027 to 1.0035 (O'Neil, 1968;Suzuoki and Kimura, 1973;Craig and Hom, 1968;Jakli and Staschewski, 1977), as shown in Table 3. The isotopic fractionation factor of hydrogen in water between gas hydrate and liquid water has never been reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Experimental study on isotopic fractionation in water during gas hydrate formation

Maekawa

2004

Geochem. J.

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Isotopic fractionation of oxygen and hydrogen in water caused by gas hydrate formation was investigated experimentally. Two different gas hydrates in structures, Structure I hydrate and Structure II hydrate, were formed with methane and krypton gases in a NaCl solution. Isotopic fractionation during gas hydrate formation was observed by measuring oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions in the solutions sampled before and after gas hydrate formation. Heavy isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in water were depleted in the solution resulting from that those isotopes were concentrated in the gas hydrate. The isotopic fractionation was larger as increasing amounts of gas hydrates that were calculated from both the decrease of gas pressure and increase of NaCl concentration in solution. The isotopic fractionation factors of oxygen and hydrogen in water between gas hydrate and liquid water were determined to be 1.0023-1.0032 and 1.014-1.022, respectively. The significant difference of the gas hydrate structures was not observed beyond the analytical errors. These factors are similar to those between ice and liquid water.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The isotopic fractionation factor of hydrogen in water between gas hydrate and liquid water has never been reported. The isotopic fractionation factor of hydrogen obtained in this work is found to be similar to that between ice and liquid water of 1.017 to 1.021 (O'Neil, 1968;Suzuoki and Kimura, 1973;Craig and Hom, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Experimental study on isotopic fractionation in water during gas hydrate formation

Maekawa

2004

Geochem. J.

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“…Experimental estimates of ε Ł near 0°C at natural freezing rates (<2 mm/h) in freshwater systems range from about 2Ð8 to 3Ð1‰ for oxygen (Suzuoki and Kimura, 1973;O'Neil, 1968) and 17Ð0 to 20Ð6‰ for hydrogen (Kuhn and Thürkauf, 1958;Arnason, 1969; see also Moser and Stichler, 1980). Recent work by Ferrick et al (1998) may indicate that some of the observed experimental variability in ε Ł arises due to slight differences in experimental conditions, i.e.…”

Section: Ice-water Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotopes in river ice: identifying primary over‐winter streamflow signals and their hydrological significance

Gibson

Prowse²

2002

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:The process of isotopic fractionation during freezing in the riverine environment is discussed with reference to a multi-year isotope sampling survey conducted in the Liard-Mackenzie River Basins, northwestern Canada. Systematic isotopic patterns are evident in cores of congelation ice (black ice) obtained from rivers and from numerous tributaries that are recognized as primary streamflow signals but with isotope offsets close to the equilibrium ice-water fractionation. The results, including comparisons with the isotopic composition of fall and spring streamflow measured directly in water samples, suggest that isotopic shifts during ice-on occur due to gradual changes in the fraction of flow derived from groundwater, surface water and precipitation sources during the fall to winter recession. Low flow isotopic signatures during ice-on suggest a predominantly groundwater-fed regime during late winter, whereas low flow isotopic signatures during ice-off reflect a mixed groundwater-, surface water-and precipitation-fed regime during late fall.

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“…The oxygen isotopic fractionation factor for the ice-water system determined experimentally by direct freezing ranges between 1.0031 and 1.0027 (Craig and Horn, 1968;O'Neil, 1968;Suzuki and Kimura, 1973). According to Craig and Horn (1968), who studied the formation of sea ice, the fractionation factor is 1.0027.…”

Section: Gas Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Hydrates of the Peruvian Outer Continental Margin

Kvenvolden¹,

Kastner²

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

101

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Gas hydrates were recovered during coring by Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 112 at Sites 685 and 688 on the Peruvian outer continental margin at latitudes of 9° and 11.5°S, where water depths are 5070 and 3820 m, respectively. In addition, nearby Sites 682 and 683 yielded compelling evidence that gas hydrates are present, but gas hydrates were not directly observed there. Anomalous acoustic reflectors, known as bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs), on marine seismic profiles from the region also provided inferential evidence that gas hydrates are present. Geothermal gradients of about 43 and 49°C/km were calculated on the basis of relations between depths to BSRs, bottom-water temperatures, and the pressure-temperature stability field of gas hydrates.Geochemical studies revealed that methane concentrations increase rapidly with depth after pore-water sulfate concentrations have been depleted. The relationship between methane and sulfate suggests that microbial processes account for the generation of methane, and the relationship between the carbon isotopic composition of methane and dissolved carbon dioxide supports this suggestion. We believe that decreasing chlorinity in pore water from squeezed sediment at the four sites results mainly from the decomposition of gas hydrates and is a dilution artifact observed as a result of the squeezing procedure. Maximum chlorinity values at or near the surface result from excess salt that comes from the formation of gas hydrates composed of freshwater. Record alkalinity attests to the intensity of diagenetic processes and has significant effects on salinity profiles at these sites.Gas hydrates were recovered at 99 and 166 meters below the seafloor (mbsf) at Site 685, and at 141 mbsf at Site 688 in Pleistocene diatomaceous mud. Methane constitutes more than 99% of the hydrocarbon gas mixture in the gas hydrates. The volumetric ratio of methane to water in the sample from Site 685 is 100, indicating that the sampled gas hydrate is either undersaturated with respect to methane or had partially decomposed during core recovery or both. The discovery of gas hydrates in lower slope deposits of the Peruvian outer continental margin extends our knowledge of gas-hydrate formation and occurrence in the Circum-Pacific region.

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D/H and 18O/16O Fractionation in Ice-Water System

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental study on isotopic fractionation in water during gas hydrate formation

Experimental study on isotopic fractionation in water during gas hydrate formation

Stable isotopes in river ice: identifying primary over‐winter streamflow signals and their hydrological significance

Gas Hydrates of the Peruvian Outer Continental Margin

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