D‐ribose‐L‐cysteine enhances memory task, attenuates oxidative stress and acetyl‐cholinesterase activity in scopolamine amnesic mice

Abstract

Abstractd‐Ribose‐l‐cysteine (DRLC) is an analogue of cysteine that has been shown to boost cellular antioxidant capacity by enhancing intracellular biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Deficiency of GSH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with loss of memory. Thus, the use of antioxidants to prevent or retard the progression of memory deteriorations in persons with AD has been the focus of intense investigations. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of DRLC on memory and scopolamine‐induced amnesia, acetyl‐cholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress in mice. Male Swiss mice were given oral administration of saline (10 ml/kg), DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) 30 min before testing for memory performance using Y‐maze and object recognition models. Another set of mice were also pretreated orally with saline, DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) but in combination with scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days. Thirty minutes after treatment on Day 7, memory function was then evaluated. The brain levels of acetyl‐cholinesterase and oxidative stress parameters were assayed. DRLC significantly (p < .05) enhanced memory performance and attenuated scopolamine‐induced amnesia. Increased acetyl‐cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress, as shown by decreased antioxidant substrates (glutathione and catalase) and elevated malondialdehyde contents in mice with scopolamine amnesia were also attenuated by DRLC. Our findings suggest that inhibition of oxidative stress and acetyl‐cholinesterase activity might contribute to the potential benefit of DRLC in persons with amnesia.

Microwave Radiation Caused Dynamic Metabolic Fluctuations in the Mammalian Hippocampus

“…Aspartate and glutamate are highly expressed in the brain and are beneficial for learning and memory [32]. Cysteine can improve memory impairment and oxidative stress and restore neurotransmission in animals [33,34]. Dysregulation of lysophosphatidylcholintransferase 1, a key enzyme in the phospholipid metabolic pathway, is directly related to learning and memory deficits [35].…”

Riboceine Regimen Attenuates Ethanol-induced Neuronal Damage in the Cerebellum of Adult Male Wistar Rats

“…However, the increased MDA level assayed after the ethanol administration decreased significantly following treatment with Riboceine. This drug has been reported to attenuate the elevated levels of MDA and decreased glutathione and catalase levels following scopolamine-induced amnesia [17]. Although, the body is equipped with certain antioxidant enzymes that counterbalance the effect of oxidative agents [18], the administration of riboceine augmented the activities of endogenous antioxidants and offered protection against ROS accumulation in the cerebellum that cause oxidative damages.…”

Ribose-cysteine and levodopa abrogate Parkinsonism via the regulation of neurochemical and redox activities in alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models

“…Studies in the past have demonstrated that oral glutathione delivery is ineffective because it is considerably broken down by digestive enzymes [ 18 ]. In light of this, the ribose sugar component of the ribose-cysteine used in the current study aids in the protection and biological transport of cysteine to the cells, thereby increasing the biosynthesis, release, and physiological usage of glutathione [ 19 ].…”