D2 and D4 dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms and personality traits in a young Korean population

Lee, Hong Seock; Kim, Yong Ku; Lee, Heon Jeong; Lee, Min Soo; Jung, In Kwa; Suh, Kwang Yoon; Kim, Sangduk

doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20054

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Preliminary evidence suggests that common neurobiological factors might be involved. Alterations in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) 10 and, to a less extent, DRD4 [37][38][39] have been associated with the above-mentioned 'reward deficiency syndrome', which include abnormal eating behaviors. Several studies suggest a role of altered DRD4 and DRD2 in ADHD as well (although the alterations in DRD2 has not been replicated in other studies).…”

Section: Adhd and Bulimic Symptoms In Obese Children S Cortese Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bulimic behaviors in a clinical sample of severely obese adolescents

et al. 2006

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Objective: Preliminary evidence suggests a comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. This study was carried out to identify the clinical characteristics of obese adolescents with a higher probability of ADHD and advance the understanding of the potential factors underlying the comorbidity between obesity and ADHD. We evaluated the association between ADHD symptoms and bulimic behaviors, depressive and anxiety symptoms, degree of obesity, pubertal stage, age and gender in a clinical sample of obese adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Ninety-nine severely obese adolescents aged 12-17 years. Measurements: Subjects filled out the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Their parents completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale, which assesses ADHD symptoms. The degree of overweight was expressed as body mass index-z score. Puberty development was clinically assessed on the basis of Tanner stages. Results: Bulimic behaviors were significantly associated with ADHD symptoms after controlling for depressive and anxiety symptoms. The degree of overweight, pubertal stage, age and gender were not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Obese adolescents with bulimic behaviors may have a higher probability to present with ADHD symptoms independently from associated depressive or anxiety symptoms. The degree of overweight, pubertal stage, age and gender might not be useful for detecting obese adolescents with ADHD symptoms. Therefore, we suggest systematic screening for ADHD in obese adolescents with bulimic behaviors. Further studies are needed to understand which specific dimension of ADHD primarily accounts for the association with bulimic behaviors. Future research should also investigate the causal link between bulimic behaviors and ADHD and explore potential common neurobiological alterations. This may lead to a better understanding of the effectiveness of stimulants for the treatment of bulimic behaviors in obese subjects.

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Section: Adhd and Bulimic Symptoms In Obese Children S Cortese Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bulimic behaviors in a clinical sample of severely obese adolescents

et al. 2006

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“…This is called polygenic inheritance. Recent associations of certain alleles of both the dopamine D 4 and dopamine D 2 genes and novelty seeking behavior have confi rmed previous work suggesting polygenic inheritance (Comings et al 1996;Lee et al 2003).…”

Section: Science Of Reward Defi Ciency Syndromementioning

confidence: 56%

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome

Blum

Chen

Braverman³

et al. 2008

NDT

104

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Molecular genetic studies have identified several genes that may mediate susceptibility to attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A consensus of the literature suggests that when there is a dysfunction in the "brain reward cascade," especially in the dopamine system, causing a low or hypo-dopaminergic trait, the brain may require dopamine for individuals to avoid unpleasant feelings. This high-risk genetic trait leads to multiple drugseeking behaviors, because the drugs activate release of dopamine, which can diminish abnormal cravings. Moreover, this genetic trait is due in part to a form of a gene (DRD 2 A1 allele) that prevents the expression of the normal laying down of dopamine receptors in brain reward sites. This gene, and others involved in neurophysiological processing of specifi c neurotransmitters, have been associated with defi cient functions and predispose individuals to have a high risk for addictive, impulsive, and compulsive behavioral propensities. It has been proposed that genetic variants of dopaminergic genes and other "reward genes" are important common determinants of reward defi ciency syndrome (RDS), which we hypothesize includes ADHD as a behavioral subtype. We further hypothesize that early diagnosis through genetic polymorphic identifi cation in combination with DNA-based customized nutraceutical administration to young children may attenuate behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD. Moreover, it is concluded that dopamine and serotonin releasers might be useful therapeutic adjuncts for the treatment of other RDS behavioral subtypes, including addictions.

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“…In recent years, at least two of these special types of dopamine receptors (DRD2 and DRD4) have been found to be associated with an increased risk of criminality and/or closely related behaviors such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and antisocial personality disorder (Comings, Muhleman, Ahn, Gysin, & Flanagan, 1994;Noble, Ozkaragoz, Ritchie, Belin, & Sparkes, 1998), although not all of the research has been able to replicate these links (Lee, Lee, Kim, Kim, & Lee, 2003). A recent article may help to explain the inconsistencies.…”

Section: Show Me the Genes!mentioning

confidence: 99%