DAD IS OUT, POP IS IN<sup>1</sup>

Walesh, Stuart G.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03610.x

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…But even when public participation is not required, many agencies are beginning to recognize, often through experience with an increasingly assertive public, that ''decide-announce-defend'' (DAD) approaches, in which agency experts make decisions, then try to ''tell people what is good for them'' (Johnson 1993), do not lead to long-lasting, widely supported policies (Walesh 1999, Briand 1993). In the early 1990s, for example, New York City water managers attempted to protect the quality of their supply by imposing land use regulations on the Catskill Mountain watershed that supplies their water.…”

Section: Agreementioning

confidence: 99%

Using system dynamics to improve public participation in environmental decisions

Stave

2002

System Dynamics Review

257

201

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Dana Meadows believed that computer simulation models and systems thinking could be powerful tools for democracy, helping make social decisions and the assumptions on which they are based more transparent and open to public debate. She also believed that people should be more involved in making conscious and informed choices about their future. In the environmental arena, pressure to increase public participation in decision-making is growing. Not only is public involvement seen as a cornerstone of democratic ideals, it is increasingly seen by decision-makers as a practical means of putting decisions into effect. Involving the public in decision-making helps avoid public obstruction of decisions and garners public resources for their implementation. However, traditional approaches to public involvement, which rely heavily on information campaigns, facilitated discussions, and public hearings for conveying information and capturing stakeholder input, frequently leave participants dissatisfied. They are often perceived as one-way communication from agency experts to stakeholders or as a mechanism for powerful special interest groups to serve their own ends. System dynamics has the potential to improve public participation in environmental decisions by providing a framework for structured deliberation when stakeholders are involved in making decisions and a more transparent and participatory educational framework to persuade stakeholders to help implement decisions. This article describes a case study using group model building to support a stakeholder advisory group examining transportation and related air quality problems. One of the most valuable effects of the approach was the information feedback it added to the advisory process. Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Syst. Dyn. Rev. 18, 139-167, (2002) Why involve the public in environmental decisions?Almost 20 years ago Meadows and Robinson (1985:3) identified a key source of frustration in social policy-making:Even in the modern age of science and industrialization social policy decisions are based on incompletely-communicated mental models. The assumptions and reasoning behind a decision are not really examinable, even to the decider. The logic, if there is any, leading to a social policy is unclear to most people affected by the policy.Stakeholder confusion about the logic underlying social policies persists and the sense that public policy should be more accountable and responsive to the public has been growing. Pressure to involve a broader representation of the public in decision-making continues to increase (Rowe and Frewer 2000). Pressure to improve public involvement in environmental policy decisions-social decisions that influence the present or future quality of the environment (Sexton et al. 1999) or decisions about environmental resource management-is especially high. Because environmental decisions generally involve complex scientific and technical issues and a wide array of stakeholders, scientific uncertainty, value conflicts, ecos...

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Section: Agreementioning

confidence: 99%

Using system dynamics to improve public participation in environmental decisions

Stave

2002

System Dynamics Review

257

201

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“…They also challenge the belief that participative leadership is preferred to directive leadership (see Bass & Bass, 2008, p. 459) and that Decide-Announce-Defend approaches do no longer work (compare Walesh, 1999). Furthermore, they challenge the belief that directive leadership and consensus democracy are irreconcilable.…”

Section: The Viability Of Directive Leadership In a Consensus Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…'Modern governance', apparently, does not always equate to 'participatory governance ' (compare Heinelt, 2010). DAD may not yet be out of fashion, to paraphrase Walesh (1999).…”

Section: (Informant 9 District Executive)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decide and Defend: Regaining Authority for Controversial Decisions Through Rendering Account

Karsten

2013

SSRN Journal

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Cover design: Lisa KeijzerCover photo: Edwin Wiekens (made in Breda, the Netherlands; not one of the cases included in this book) Layout and printing: Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam, the Netherlands ISBN 978-94-6169-356-3 © Niels Karsten, 2013All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing from the proprietor(s). Decide and Defend Regaining authority for controversial decisions through rendering accountProefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van and suddenly you are doing the impossible." Most of the mayors and aldermen discussed in this thesis have done just that. They have managed to establish necessary, but highly controversial facilities for the homeless and have regained authority for their location decisions through explaining and justifying why they made these particular decisions. They have effectively shown directive leadership in a context that is particularly ill-disposed towards such a leadership style. Considering the controversiality of human service facility location decisions and the general mistrust of directive leadership, political-executives' ability to regain authority was unexpected. And indeed, not all succeeded in doing so to the same extent. The aim of this thesis was to gain understanding of how making controversial decisions affects executives' authority, more specifically, whether and how the rendering of account influences mayors and aldermen's authority. My attempt to answer that question has been an unforgettable experience, a true journey of discovery in the realm of locational conflict.Back in 2008, the project started out as a predominantly theoretical enterprise that focused on the relationship between the call for stronger leadership and the call for responsiveness. If it had not been for my supervisor, prof. Frank Hendriks, this thesis would have contained a multitude of intricate conceptual explorations of 'leadership', 'accountability', 'authority', 'political support', and the like. What I will remember most of Frank's supervision is the 'tja…' he occasionally wrote in the margins of sections of my work that I mistakenly thought of as original, though-provoking, and relevant pieces. I have taken 'tja…' to be the Frankian euphemism for 'I cannot say it is wrong', or even 'well thought out, well-written, but utterly irrelevant'. My sincere thanks, Frank, for reminding me to "really say something about really something", as you like to phrase it. A second word of thanks goes out to my co-supervisor, dr. LinzeSchaap, who has also played his part in 'keeping things real' by encouraging me to go out into the field, and at the same time keeping me sharp on non-subst...

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“…As a mechanism for the authoritative allocation of values, policies are a complex mixture of both social resources and values; hence, the pressure to involve a broader representation of the public in decision-making continues to increase. Scientific experts and city managers make decisions and then try to "tell people what is good for them" [37]; this in turn does not lead to wide and long-lasting support for these policies [38]. Therefore, the involvement of stakeholders in complex traffic policy assessment is urgent.…”

Section: System Dynamics Application In Traffic Policy Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging Stakeholders in Urban Traffic Restriction Policy Assessment Using System Dynamics: The Case Study of Xi’an City, China

Shi

Guo

2019

Sustainability

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With the purpose of limiting the drastically increasing quantity of travel volumes and the sustainability of urban traffic systems, many cities have implemented urban traffic restriction (UTR) policies. However, insufficient stakeholder involvement in UTR policy assessment often leads to a lack of social and political support, in addition to a lack of acceptability with respect to policy implementation. In this background, participatory system dynamics modeling (PSDM) is presented as a methodology to engage stakeholders in UTR policy assessment. By the proposed methodology, a comprehensive case study of UTR policy in the city of Xi’an was illustrated. Based on the assessment results, the leverage point influencing the performance of the UTR policy was identified and discussed, with different policy scenarios simulated and tested. The simulation results show that developing public transportation while implementing UTR policy was indicated as the most reasonable solution at the present stage, and the annual growth rate of private cars should be monitored in the future. The results confirmed that the PSDM methodology can facilitate the system thinking of stakeholders, which is important to reach consensus-based assessment results and to enhance the social support for UTR policy.

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DAD IS OUT, POP IS IN¹

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Using system dynamics to improve public participation in environmental decisions

Using system dynamics to improve public participation in environmental decisions

Decide and Defend: Regaining Authority for Controversial Decisions Through Rendering Account

Engaging Stakeholders in Urban Traffic Restriction Policy Assessment Using System Dynamics: The Case Study of Xi’an City, China

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DAD IS OUT, POP IS IN1

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Using system dynamics to improve public participation in environmental decisions

Using system dynamics to improve public participation in environmental decisions

Decide and Defend: Regaining Authority for Controversial Decisions Through Rendering Account

Engaging Stakeholders in Urban Traffic Restriction Policy Assessment Using System Dynamics: The Case Study of Xi’an City, China

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DAD IS OUT, POP IS IN¹