Daidzein and genistein content of cereals

Liggins, Jason; Mulligan, Angela A.; Runswick, Shirley A.; Bingham, S

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601419

Cited by 143 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Data from Italy and Ireland have estimated that over 90% of total isoflavone intake comes from bread (Van Erp-Baart et al, 2003). UK data on isoflavone content of bread (Liggins et al, 2002) is available but there are as yet no detailed data on milk, dairy products, meat and fish products, which have been shown to contain isoflavones (King et al, 1998;Antignac et al, 2003;. While the database created for this investigation does contain values for some meat products, it was felt that there was insufficient information available to estimate isoflavone content of fish products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intakes and sources of soya foods and isoflavones in a UK population cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk)

et al. 2006

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Background: It has been suggested that the consumption of a diet rich in phytoestrogens might protect against a variety of diseases common in Western societies. However, there are little available data on the food sources or distribution of intake in the UK diet. Objective: To estimate the average intake and range of soya foods and isoflavones in a population-based cohort and to provide data on isoflavone consumption by food group. Subjects: Men and women (11 843) from the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Dietary daidzein and genistein intakes were obtained from 7-day food diaries, completed by participants between 1993 and 1998 and calculated from an in-house food composition database. Energy and anthropometric measurements were also carried out. Results: Average daily isoflavone intakes for both men and women were less than 1 mg (interquartile range (IQR) men: 0.39-0.82 mg; women: 0.30-0.64 mg). However, in soya-consumers, average daily intakes were higher: 8.6 mg in women (IQR: 2.28-10.72 mg) and 7.5 mg in men (IQR: 2.22-9.17 mg). In both men and women, bread and bread rolls made the highest contribution to isoflavone intake -62.5 and 53.0%, respectively. In soya-consuming men and women, vegetable dishes and milks were the main contributors -25.0 and 38.5% in men and 38.5% and 26.0% in women, respectively. Conclusions: Isoflavone intake is low in the UK but may be an underestimate due to soya added to commercial products. Future analyses of the isoflavone and lignan content of basic ingredient foods and commercial items commonly consumed in the UK diet will enable more accurate estimates of phytoestrogen intake to be made. The ability to estimate isoflavone intake in Western populations more accurately will enable investigations to be conducted into the suggested beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intakes and sources of soya foods and isoflavones in a UK population cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk)

et al. 2006

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“…The direct measurement of phyto-oestrogen concentrations in the circulation makes it possible to capture phyto-oestrogen exposure from all sources, including those that may be inadequately represented in food composition databases. For example, although the most abundant sources of isoflavones in the diet are soy foods, such as tofu and soymilk, the intake of which is low but variable across the European countries in EPIC (Keinan-Boker et al, 2002), soy additives are now also found in an increasing range of processed foods (Liggins et al, 2002). Isoflavones are also present in certain other vegetables, fruits and nuts (Liggins et al, 2000a, b), although in much lower concentrations than in soy foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma phyto-oestrogens and prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

et al. 2009

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We examined plasma concentrations of phyto-oestrogens in relation to risk for subsequent prostate cancer in a case -control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Concentrations of isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol, and that of lignans enterolactone and enterodiol, were measured in plasma samples for 950 prostate cancer cases and 1042 matched control participants. Relative risks (RRs) for prostate cancer in relation to plasma concentrations of these phyto-oestrogens were estimated by conditional logistic regression. Higher plasma concentrations of genistein were associated with lower risk of prostate cancer: RR among men in the highest vs the lowest fifth, 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 -0.96, P trend ¼ 0.03). After adjustment for potential confounders this RR was 0.74 (95% CI 0.54 -1.00, P trend ¼ 0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed for circulating concentrations of daidzein, equol, enterolactone or enterodiol in relation to overall risk for prostate cancer. There was no evidence of heterogeneity in these results by age at blood collection or country of recruitment, nor by cancer stage or grade. These results suggest that higher concentrations of circulating genistein may reduce the risk of prostate cancer but do not support an association with plasma lignans.

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“…Only a few nonsoy plants contain isoflavones (e.g., legumes, grapefruit and raisins); but, at lower concentration, isoflavones do not importantly contribute to phytoestrogen intake in Western diets. 11,12 Plant lignans are widely present in whole grain, berries, vegetables, fruits, flaxseeds and other types of seeds and are the main source of phytoestrogens in Western populations. 13 Plant lignans (lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol) are metabolized into mammalian lignans (enterolignans: enterolactone, enterodiol) in the human gut.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum enterolactone and postmenopausal breast cancer risk by estrogen, progesterone and herceptin 2 receptor status

Zaineddin

Vrieling

Buck

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Lignans are a group of estrogenic compounds present in plants. Several epidemiological studies proposed that lignans may protect against breast cancer by exerting anticarcinogenic activity. Levels of enterolactone were determined in serum samples of 1,250 cases and 2,164 controls from a large population-based case-control study. We assessed the association between serum enterolactone and postmenopausal breast cancer risk using conditional logistic regression accounting for potential risk and confounding factors. Fractional polynomials were used to determine the function that best fitted the data. Moreover, we assessed heterogeneity by estrogen/progesterone/herceptin (ER/PR/HER2) status of the tumor. Additionally, a meta-analysis with seven further studies addressing enterolactone concentrations and breast cancer risk was performed. Postmenopausal breast cancer risk decreased with increasing serum enterolactone levels [highest compared to lowest quintile: [odds ratio 5 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52-0.83, p trend 5 <0.0001]. A significant inverse association for ER1/PR1 as well as ER2/PR2 tumors was observed, with a significantly stronger association for ER2/PR2 tumors (p heterogeneity 5 0.03). The association for ER2/PR2 tumors did not differ by expression of HER2 (p heterogeneity 5 0.3). The meta-analysis yielded a significant reduced pooled risk estimate of: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.55-0.77) comparing the highest to the lowest quantiles of enterolactone levels. We found strong evidence for a significant inverse association between serum enterolactone and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, which was stronger for ER2PR2 than for ER1PR1 tumors but not differential by further expression of HER2. The overall evidence together with other studies supports an inverse association between higher serum enterolactone levels and postmenopausal breast cancer risk.Phytoestrogens are a group of biologically active compounds that have been shown to protect against hormone-dependent cancers, in particular, breast cancer. 1-4 Their protective inverse association with breast cancer may be due to either estrogenic or antiestrogenic properties. [5][6][7][8] Because of their chemical structure, phytoestrogens can compete with endogenous estrogen for binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) of the tumor, thereby plausibly reducing the hormonal effect of the endogenous estrogens. 9 In addition to this, phytoestrogens also have antioxidative and antiproliferative properties and thereby may also reduce cancer risk. 10 The two main groups of phytoestrogens are the isoflavones and the lignans. Isoflavones, in particular, genistein, are mostly found in soy products. Only a few nonsoy plants contain isoflavones (e.g., legumes, grapefruit and raisins); but, at lower concentration, isoflavones do not importantly contribute to phytoestrogen intake in Western diets. 11,12 Plant lignans are widely present in whole grain, berries, vegetables, fruits, flaxseeds and other types of seeds and are the main source of phytoestrogens in Western populations....

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Daidzein and genistein content of cereals

Cited by 143 publications

References 20 publications

Intakes and sources of soya foods and isoflavones in a UK population cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk)

Intakes and sources of soya foods and isoflavones in a UK population cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk)

Plasma phyto-oestrogens and prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Serum enterolactone and postmenopausal breast cancer risk by estrogen, progesterone and herceptin 2 receptor status

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