Daily Activity of the Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the Central Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria

Abstract

A study was conducted on the dynamics of tabanids daily activity in the Central Balkan Mountains in the 2011-2013 period. Tabanids have been found to fly 11 hours a day, with a peak in activity around 11:00. Their mass activation is in the temperature range 18-23°С and at 26°С maximum activity has been reported. In the present study a new, minimum temperature threshold for activation of T. quatuornоtatus Mg. in Bulgaria was registered (13°С).

A revision of the British chronostratigraphy within the last glacial-interglacial cycle based on new evidence from Arclid, Cheshire UK

“…12C) and has high tolerance for cold temperatures and a preference for grassland and scrubland avoiding sparse vegetation (D€ orge et al, 2020). H. pluvialis, other tabanids and Chrysops, have been observed active in a temperature range from 14 to 23 C (Ganeva, 2022). Two other Diptera were identified; the muscid Muscina sp.…”