Daily consumption of milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduces cell adhesion molecules in healthy children

Romeo, Javier; Wärnberǵ, Julia; García-Mármol, Eduardo; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Maria del Pilar; Díaz, L. E.; Gómez‐Martínez, Sonia; Cueto, B.; López‐Huertas, Eduardo; Cepero, Mar; Bozá, J.; Fonolla, J.; Marcos, Ascensión

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.007

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There was no difference in average adherence between those two methods of supplementation (M = 87.3%, SD = 9.4 vs. M = 87.6%, SD = 7.8). Fifteen studies, reporting adherence, mentioned talking to parents or participants either via telephone or face to face (or via e-mail) during the study about the supplementation to increase adherence [61,67,69,70,72,90,91,107,111,113,131,134,135,136,143]. The studies that included a phone call did not have a higher average adherence rate (M = 81.5%, SD = 9.5) than those that did not include a phone call (M = 86.2%, SD = 10.3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recruitment, Adherence and Drop-Out Rates in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Trials in Children and Adolescents

2017

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Introduction: The influence of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation on health outcomes has been studied extensively with randomized controlled trials (RCT). In many research fields, difficulties with recruitment, adherence and high drop-out rates have been reported. However, what is unknown is how common these problems are in n-3 LCPUFA supplementation studies in children and adolescents. Therefore, this paper will review n-3 LCPUFA supplementation studies in children and adolescents with regard to recruitment, adherence and drop-out rates. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed and Ovid databases were searched for papers reporting on RCT supplementing children and adolescents (2–18 years) with a form of n-3 LCPUFA (or placebo) for at least four weeks. As a proxy for abiding to CONSORT guidelines, we noted whether manuscripts provided a flow-chart and provided dates defining the period of recruitment and follow-up. Results: Ninety manuscripts (reporting on 75 studies) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies did not abide by the CONSORT guidelines: 55% did not provide a flow-chart, while 70% did not provide dates. The majority of studies provided minimal details about the recruitment process. Only 25 of the 75 studies reported an adherence rate which was on average 85%. Sixty-five of the 75 studies included drop-out rates which were on average 17%. Conclusion: Less than half of the included studies abided by the CONSORT guidelines (45% included a flow chart, while 30% reported dates). Problems with recruitment and drop-out seem to be common in n-3 LCPUFA supplementation trials in children and adolescents. However, reporting about recruitment, adherence and dropout rates was very heterogeneous and minimal in the included studies. Some techniques to improve recruitment, adherence and dropout rates were identified from the literature, however these techniques may need to be tailored to n-3 LCPUFA supplementation studies in children and adolescents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recruitment, Adherence and Drop-Out Rates in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Trials in Children and Adolescents

2017

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“…A more recent study carried out in children, gave 107 healthy 8-14 yr olds either milk enriched with n-3 PUFAs (60 mg EPA +120 mg DHA/d) or non-supplemented whole milk, for 5 months [87]. There was a significant decrease in serum levels of both sE-selectin (-17%) and sICAM-1 (-13.5%) in the group receiving milk with EPA and DHA added.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Omega-3 fatty acids and leukocyte-endothelium adhesion: Novel anti-atherosclerotic actions

Baker

Yusof

Yaqoob

et al. 2018

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

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Endothelial cells (ECs) play a role in the optimal function of blood vessels. When endothelial function becomes dysregulated, the risk of developing atherosclerosis increases. Specifically, upregulation of adhesion molecule expression on ECs promotes the movement of leukocytes, particularly monocytes, into the vessel wall. Here, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and may become foam cells, contributing to the initiation and progression of an atherosclerotic plaque. The ability of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to influence the expression of adhesion molecules by ECs and to modulate leukocyte-endothelial adhesion has been studied in cell culture using various types of ECs, in animal feeding studies and in human trials; the latter have tended to evaluate soluble forms of adhesion molecules that circulate in the bloodstream. These studies indicate that n-3 PUFAs (both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) can decrease the expression of key adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, by ECs and that this results in decreased adhesive interactions between leukocytes and ECs. These findings suggest that n-3 PUFAs may lower leukocyte infiltration into the vascular wall, which could contribute to reduced atherosclerosis and lowered risk of cardiovascular disease.

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“…Long chain n-3 PUFA comprises of EPA, DPA and DHA, and these nutrients, especially DHA are essential for supporting the normal brain and cognitive development of children [1,2] and several lines of evidence demonstrate the potential role of these fatty acids to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in children [3][4][5][6]. Reductions in intake of the long chain n-3 PUFA have been hypothesized as one of the dietary factors associated with the increase in incidence of chronic diseases in Western countries over the past 50 years [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, an increase in long chain n-3 PUFA intake in obese adolescents has been shown to modulate vascular function and inflammatory markers, including lymphocytes, monocytes and levels of tumor necrosis factor -α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 [4]. Long chain n-3 PUFA supplementation in healthy children aged 8-14 years has resulted in a reduction in biomarkers of CVD risk, including E-selectin and intracellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) [3]. E-selectin and ICAM-1 are members of cell adhesion molecules that are expressed in the endothelium that are involved in the inflammatory process, such as seen in people with CVD [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Food Sources of EPA, DPA and DHA in Australian Children

Rahmawaty

Charlton

Lyons‐Wall

et al. 2013

Lipids

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Secondary analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity survey was undertaken to assess the intake and food sources of EPA, DPA and DHA (excluding supplements) in 4,487 children aged 2-16 years. An average of two 24-h dietary recalls was analysed for each child and food sources of EPA, DPA and DHA were assessed using the Australian nutrient composition database called AUSNUT 2007. Median (inter quartile range, IQR) for EPA, DPA and DHA intakes (mg/day) for 2-3, 4-8, 9-13, 14-16 year were: EPA 5.3 (1.5-14), 6.7 (1.8-18), 8.7 (2.6-23), 9.8 (2.7-28) respectively; DPA 6.2 (2.2-14), 8.2 (3.3-18), 10.8 (4.3-24), 12.2 (5-29) respectively; and DHA 3.9 (0.6-24), 5.1 (0.9-26), 6.8 (1.1-27), 7.8 (1.5-33) respectively. Energy-adjusted intakes of EPA, DPA and DHA in children who ate fish were 7.5, 2 and 16-fold higher, respectively (P < 0.001) compared to those who did not eat fish during the 2 days of the survey. Intake of total long chain n-3 PUFA was compared to the energy adjusted suggested dietary target (SDT) for Australian children and 20 % of children who ate fish during the 2 days of the survey met the SDT. Fish and seafood products were the largest contributors to DHA (76 %) and EPA (59 %) intake, while meat, poultry and game contributed to 56 % DPA. Meat consumption was 8.5 times greater than that for fish/ seafood. Australian children do not consume the recommended amounts of long chain omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, which could be explained by low fish consumption. IQR) for EPA, DPA and DHA intakes (mg/d) for 2-3y, 4-8y, 9-13y, 14-16y were: EPA 5.3 (1.5-14), 6.7 (1.8-18), 8.7 (2.6-23), 9.8 (2.7-28) respectively; DPA 6.2 (2.2-14), respectively. Energy-adjusted intakes of EPA, DPA and DHA in children who ate fish were 7.5, 2 and 16-fold higher, respectively (P<0.001) compared to those who did not eat fish during the two days of the survey. Intake of total long chain n-3 PUFA was compared to the energy adjusted suggested dietary target (SDT) for Australian children and 20% of children who ate fish during the two days of the survey met the SDT. Fish and seafood products were the largest contributors to DHA (76%) and EPA (59%) intake, while meat, poultry and game contributed to 56% DPA. Meat was consumed 8.5 times greater than fish/seafood. Australian children do not consume the recommended amounts of long chain omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, which could be explained by low fish consumptions.

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Daily consumption of milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduces cell adhesion molecules in healthy children

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

A Review of Recruitment, Adherence and Drop-Out Rates in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Trials in Children and Adolescents

A Review of Recruitment, Adherence and Drop-Out Rates in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Trials in Children and Adolescents

Omega-3 fatty acids and leukocyte-endothelium adhesion: Novel anti-atherosclerotic actions

Dietary Intake and Food Sources of EPA, DPA and DHA in Australian Children

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