Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

Pontzer, Herman

doi:10.1530/ey.19.14.1

Cited by 46 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[27][28][29][30] The mechanisms responsible for this age-associated risk with gestational weight gain may be linked to metabolic dysfunction and alterations in the deposition of adipose tissue. 31 Gestational age in this study was also positively associated with overweight and obesity in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant black South African women. Typically, pregnant women are encouraged to gain weight as their gestational age progresses, with the goal of the total amount of weight gain for the 40 weeks of gestation based on the mother's prepregnancy actual body weight (kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Maternal overweight and obesity and its associated factors and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and HIV‐uninfected black South African pregnant women

Erasmus

Chuturgoon

Maharaj³

2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aim: This study aimed to investigate various variables between maternal overweight and/or obesity versus normal-weight pregnant black South African women living with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 200 pregnant women were enrolled in the study, categorized according to body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ) into two groups: (1) overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m 2 ) (n = 97); and (2) nonoverweight/nonobese (<25 kg/m 2 ) (n = 103), where 90 were HIV-infected and 110 were HIV-uninfected. The differences between the maternal BMI categories were assessed using Fisher's exact t-test and the χ 2 test. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with maternal overweight and obesity. Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.061; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008-1.117; p = 0.023) and gestational age (OR: 1.121; 95% CI 1.005-1.251; p = 0.041) were significantly associated with maternal overweight/obesity in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected. For maternal health outcomes, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hypertensive disorders (OR: 0.273; 95% CI 0.124-0.601; p = 0.001) and anemia (OR: 2.420; 95% CI 1.283-4.563; p = 0.006) were significantly associated with maternal overweight/obesity in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected. The overweight/obese HIV-infected participants (OR: 0.233; 95% CI 0.075-0.717; p = 0.011) had increased odds for developing hypertensive disorders compared to HIV-uninfected overweight/obese participants (OR: 0.471; 95% CI 0.172-1.291; p = 0.143). Conclusions: Maternal overweight/obesity in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant black South African women was significantly associated with maternal age, gestational age, HPT disorders, and anemia. Maternal overweight/obesity decreased the odds for anemia, but increased the odds for the development of HPT disorders, especially in the HIV-infected pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Maternal overweight and obesity and its associated factors and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and HIV‐uninfected black South African pregnant women

Erasmus

Chuturgoon

Maharaj³

2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…Although the cranium is still plastic around the age of 5 years, the cranial vault has achieved most of its adult size (Dekaban & Sadowsky, 1978; Neubauer et al, 2009). Further, the body's mass‐adjusted energy requirements peak around this time (Pontzer et al, 2021), so any systemic disturbance caused by or resulting in decreased energy budget can slow or permanently alter growth and development. Perhaps most importantly, the energetic demands of the brain are highest around age 5 (Kuzawa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood stress and developmental instability: Comparing microscopic enamel defects and cranial fluctuating asymmetry in a colonial Mexican sample

Moes

Willermet

Hunley

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives Recent tests of the relationship between enamel defects, an indicator of early life stress, and fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of cumulative developmental instability, have produced equivocal results. This may be because they use methods that underestimate the number of defects. We reinvestigate this relationship using high‐resolution microscopy images of tooth surfaces. Further, we test the hypothesis that developmental stresses during the earliest period of tooth development have a greater impact on FA than stresses during subsequent periods. Materials and Methods The sample consists of 48 individuals from two colonial‐era cemeteries in Mexico City. Using one canine from each individual, we created photomontages using a 2D light microscope. Tooth crowns were divided into three developmental periods. Defects were identified as widely spaced perikymata using moving z‐scores. We compared defect presence, frequency, and timing to FA calculated from 11 landmarks using geometric morphometrics from 3D models of each cranium. Results Both the presence and frequency of enamel defects are significantly associated with an increase in FA. Contrary to our expectations, defects that formed in the latest developmental period (4–5.5 years) were uniquely associated with an increase in FA, relative to the other two periods. Discussion The presence and frequency of stress during childhood increases developmental instability. The time between 4 and 5.5 years may be a sensitive window of development in which disruptions to growth have a long‐lasting effect on developmental instability. Results indicate that research on developmental stress should consider the timing and frequency of stress events to more fully understand their impact on later life.

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“…Comparing mobility regimes of different populations without taking stock of their demographic composition is likely to lead to mischaracterisation. Moreover, our decomposition allows for straightforward integration with research on life history, such as comparing with daily expenditures (Pontzer et al, 2021), knowledge accumulation (Koster et al, 2020), and relatedness to camp-mates through the life course (Dyble et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex life course of mobility: Quantitative description of 300,000 residential moves in 1850–1950 Netherlands

2022

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Mobility is a major mechanism of human adaptation, both inthe deep past and in the present. Decades of research in the human evolutionary sciences have elucidated how much, how, and when individuals and groups move in response to their ecology. Prior research has focused on small-scale subsistence societies, often in marginal environments and yielding small samples. But adaptive movement is commonplace across human societies, providing an opportunity to study human mobility more broadly. We provide a detailed, life-course structured demonstration, describing the residential mobility system of a historical population living between 1850-1950 in the industrialising Netherlands. We focus on how moves are patterned over the lifespan, attending to individual variation and stratifying our analyses by gender. We conclude that this population was not stationary: the median total moves in a lifetime were 10, with a wide range of variation and an uneven distribution over the life course. Mobility peaks in early adulthood (age 20–30) in this population, and this peak is consistent in all the studied cohorts, and both genders. Mobile populations in sedentary settlements provide a productive avenue for research on adaptive mobility and its relationship to human life history, and historical databases are useful for addressing evolutionarily-motivated questions.

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Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Maternal overweight and obesity and its associated factors and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and HIV‐uninfected black South African pregnant women

Maternal overweight and obesity and its associated factors and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected and HIV‐uninfected black South African pregnant women

Childhood stress and developmental instability: Comparing microscopic enamel defects and cranial fluctuating asymmetry in a colonial Mexican sample

The complex life course of mobility: Quantitative description of 300,000 residential moves in 1850–1950 Netherlands

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