Daily hunger sensation and body compartments: II. Their relationships in obese patients

Cugini, P; Salandri, A; Cilli, M.; Ceccotti, Piercarlo; Marzo, A. Di; Rodio, A.; Fontana, S; Pellegrino, A. M.; Francesco, G. P. De; Coda, Sergio; Vito, Francesco De; Colosi, L.; Petrangeli, C. M.; Giovannini, Claudio

doi:10.1007/bf03339722

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Fat-free mass has been found to be strongly positively associated with EI in lean and overweight/obese individuals [64,65], corroborating findings from earlier but less known studies [66,67]. In contrast, an inverse relationship between fat mass and EI, and hunger and EI was found in lean but these associations were weaker and less consistent in overweight and obese individuals [64,[66][67][68]. These findings are in line with the proposition that negative feedback signals reflecting energy stores inhibiting food intake are blunted with higher body fat [14,31].…”

Section: Energy Intake and Appetite Control Along The Spectrum Of Physupporting

confidence: 77%

Homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity levels: An updated perspective

Beaulieu

Hopkins

Blundell

et al. 2018

Physiology & Behavior

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The current obesogenic environment promotes physical inactivity and food consumption in excess of energy requirements, two important modifiable risk factors influencing energy balance. Habitual physical activity has been shown to impact not only energy expenditure, but also energy intake through mechanisms of appetite control. This review summarizes recent theory and evidence underpinning the role of physical activity in the homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms controlling appetite. Energy intake along the spectrum of physical activity levels (inactive to highly active) appears to be J-shaped, with low levels of physical activity leading to dysregulated appetite and a mismatch between energy intake and expenditure. At higher levels, habitual physical activity influences homeostatic appetite control in a dual-process action by increasing the drive to eat through greater energy expenditure, but also by enhancing post-meal satiety, allowing energy intake to better match energy expenditure in response to hunger and satiety signals. There is clear presumptive evidence that physical activity energy expenditure can act as a drive (determinant) of energy intake. The influence of physical activity level on non-homeostatic appetite control is less clear, but low levels of physical activity may amplify hedonic states and behavioural traits favouring overconsumption indirectly through increased body fat. More evidence is required to understand the interaction between physical activity, appetite control and diet composition on passive overconsumption and energy balance. Furthermore, potential moderators of appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity, such as body composition, sex, and type, intensity and timing of physical activity, remain to be fully understood.

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Section: Energy Intake and Appetite Control Along The Spectrum Of Physupporting

confidence: 77%

Homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity levels: An updated perspective

Beaulieu

Hopkins

Blundell

et al. 2018

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Therefore, the development of obesity per se may further promote overconsumption (and appetite dysregulation) in obese individuals, as the accumulation of adipose tissue creates a mis-match between the tonic inhibitory and excitatory drives to eat stemming from fat mass and fat-free mass/resting metabolic rate, respectively. Interestingly, Cugini et al reported that the relationship between body composition and hunger varied between lean and obese individuals (67,111), with a negative association reported between fat mass and hunger in lean but not obese individuals (see Figure 3). Furthermore, it has been reported that in young, lean active men and women fat mass is inversely associated with energy intake (59).…”

Section: Fat-free Mass Resting Metabolic Rate and Food Intake: Implimentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity

2016

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Energy balance is not a simple algebraic sum of energy expenditure and energy intake as often depicted in communications. Energy balance is a dynamic process and there exist reciprocal effects between food intake and energy expenditure. An important distinction is that of metabolic and behavioural components of energy expenditure. These components not only contribute to the energy budget directly, but also by influencing the energy intake side of the equation. It has recently been demonstrated that resting metabolic rate is a potential driver of energy intake, and evidence is accumulating on the influence of physical activity (behavoiural energy expenditure) on mechanisms of satiety and appetite control. These effects are associated with changes in leptin and insulin sensitivity, and in the plasma levels of gastrointestinal peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin and cholecystokinin. The influence of fat-free mass on energy expenditure and as a driver of energy intake directs attention to molecules emanating from skeletal tissue as potential appetite signals.Sedentariness (physical inactivity) is positively associated with adiposity and is proposed to be a source of overconsumption and appetite dysregulation. The molecular signals underlying these effects are not known but represent a target for research. Running title:Energy Balance, Body Composition and Appetite Regulation Key words:Appetite regulation, energy intake, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, sedentariness. ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION: A DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURWeight gain is often explained as a function energy balance, with sustained periods of excess energy intake over energy expenditure thought to promote the accumulation of adipose tissue. Unfortunately however system, in which reductions in energy intake, or increases in energy expenditure, automatically lead to energy deficit, and in turn, weight loss. This approach is simplistic and belies the complexity of energy balance regulation in humans in the current obesogenic environment. Furthermore, it ignores the potential for behavioral or biological adaptation to restore energy homeostasis during periods of energy deficit or surfeit (1). Rather than being static, the regulation of energy balance is a dynamic process in which perturbations to one component of energy balance may elicit biological and/or behavioral compensation in other components of the system. These auto-regulatory or compensatory responses act to minimize perturbations to energy homeostasis, in turn, body weight (1, 2). For example, it has been suggested that some individuals experience a compensatory reduction in resting energy expenditure, termed adaptive thermogenesis (3), following dietary (4, 5) and exercise-induced (6) weight loss. Compensation may also be behavioural in nature, with dietary (7, 8) and exercise-induced (9, 10) weight loss shown to result in increased fasting hunger (although such changes in subjective appetite do not always translate into changes in actual beha...

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“…The role of fat-free mass as a driver of the motivation to eat has been shown to be fully mediated by its influence on RMR [76]. In contrast, fat mass has been proposed to exert an opposing, inhibitory role on food intake, but the evidence is less consistent [68–71, 77]. However, negative feedback signals reflecting energy stores inhibiting food intake appear to be blunted with higher body fat [78], and most of the studies investigating the role of body composition in appetite control have been conducted in individuals with overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Measuring Food Hedonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in Measuring and Interpreting Human Appetite (Satiety/Satiation) and Its Contribution to Obesity

et al. 2019

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Purpose of Review The goals of this paper are to report current research practices in investigations of human appetite control and to assess their relationships with emerging theoretical principles. Appetite is often distinguished by the separation of homeostatic and hedonic processes. Recent Findings This report assesses the validity of a homeostatic toolkit to measure subjectively perceived hunger and its relationship to the developing processes of satiation (control of meal size) and satiety (control of the post-eating period). The capacity of a procedure to measure the influence of hedonic processes on food intake is also evaluated. A major issue is the relationship between the pattern of eating behaviour (influenced by the underlying drive to eat and the inhibition induced by the act of eating itself) and the parallel underlying profile of hormonal and other metabolic biomarkers. Summary Increasing recognition is being given to individual variability in the expression of appetite, and the fact that the use of the average (mean) response conceals important information about the nature of appetite control. There is a growing interest in the identification of satiety phenotypes that operate in parallel to metabolic phenotypes. Interestingly, energy expenditure (metabolic and behavioural) contributes to an energy balance framework for understanding energy intake (appetite).

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Daily hunger sensation and body compartments: II. Their relationships in obese patients

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity levels: An updated perspective

Homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity levels: An updated perspective

Energy balance, body composition, sedentariness and appetite regulation: pathways to obesity

Issues in Measuring and Interpreting Human Appetite (Satiety/Satiation) and Its Contribution to Obesity

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