Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan

Background: Wastewater irrigation for vegetable production is a highly prevalent practice in Addis Ababa and a number of articles have been published on wastewater-irrigated soils and vegetables contaminated with heavy metals. However, to the best of our knowledge, an insight into assessment of human health risks associated with the consumption of vegetable crops grown on wastewater-irrigated soils is non-existent in the city. Long-term effect of wastewater irrigation on the build-up of heavy metals in soils and selected vegetable crops in Addis Ababa urban vegetable farming sites (10) was evaluated. By calculating estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and target hazard quotients (THQs) of metals, health risk associated with the consumption of the analyzed vegetables was also evaluated. Results: The heavy metal concentrations in irrigation water and soils did not exceed the recommended maximum limits (RMLs). Moreover, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations in all analyzed vegetables were lower than the RML standards. In contrast, Pb concentrations were 1.4-3.9 times higher. Results of two way ANOVA test showed that variation in metals concentrations were significant (p < 0.001) across farming site, vegetable type and site x vegetable interaction. The EDI and THQ values showed that there would be no potential health risk to local inhabitants due to intake of individual metal if one or more of the analyzed vegetables are consumed. Furthermore, total target hazard quotients (TTHQs) for the combined metals due to all analyzed vegetables were lower than 1, suggesting no potential health risk even to highly exposed local inhabitants. Conclusions: There is a great respite that toxic metals like Pb and Cd have not posed potential health risk even after long term (more than 50 years) use of this water for irrigation. However, intermittent monitoring of the metals from irrigation water, in soil and crops may be required to follow/prevent their build-up in the food chain.

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“…Integrated Risk Information System-database. Philadelphia PA, Washington 2007) and in Chien et al (2002) and Zhuang et al (2009):…”

Section: Target Hazard Quotient (Thq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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“…At low concentrations, Zn and Cu are essential elements for the growth of organisms (WHO, 1996). They are normally the most abundant trace elements in aquatic organisms (Parsons, 1998;Chien et al, 2002;Wei et al, 2002;Usero et al, 2003). At low concentrations, Co, Ni, and V are probably elements essential to organisms.…”

Section: Trace Metal Concentrations Of the Aquatic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal and Pb isotopic compositions of aquatic organisms in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Zhang

et al. 2005

Environmental Pollution

174

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“…The THQ and CR max were calculated by the following equations: À3 is the unit conversion factor. It is assumed that cooking has no effect on the toxicity of heavy metals in aquatic products (Chien et al, 2002). In general, if the value of THQ is <1, there will be no health risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration distribution and potential health risk of heavy metals in Mactra veneriformis from Bohai Bay, China

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tTo investigate the pollution level and evaluate the potential health risks of heavy metals, the concentrations of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 198 clams (Mactra veneriformis) collected from 11 sites of the Bohai Bay. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the clams were different at different sites (p < 0.05). Mn was dominant with a percentage of 22.08-77.03% in heavy metals, followed by Zn with 12.66-57.11%, and the concentration of Pb was the lowest with 0.45-1.04%. The potential health risk to consumers was evaluated by the target hazard quotient (THQ) and the maximum daily consumption rate (CR max ). The results indicated that the THQs of Co were the highest with the values of 1.125, 1.665, and 1.144 at three sections; the values of other individual metals were <1, which indicated that consumption of clams from the study areas caused health risks due to Co. Moreover, the CR max values also indicated the potential health risk caused by Co in clams consumed in this area. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that there were significantly positive or negative correlations between the heavy metals (p < 0.05), and the studied metals were divided into four groups. The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals in clams were affected not only by pollution sources but also by the characteristics of clams that could absorb selectively and accumulate special metals. This study offers important information on the pollution levels of heavy metals in clams and warns consumers of the health risks associated with the consumption of clams in the area.

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Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan

Cited by 454 publications

References 20 publications

Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Heavy metal and Pb isotopic compositions of aquatic organisms in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Concentration distribution and potential health risk of heavy metals in Mactra veneriformis from Bohai Bay, China

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