Daily moods and symptoms: Effects of awareness of study focus, gender, menstrual-cycle phase, and day of the week.

Gallant, Sheryle J.; Hamilton, Jean A.; Popiel, Debra A.; Morokoff, Patricia J.; Chakraborty, Prabir K.

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.10.3.180

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Nonetheless, a four-phase distinction may have the added benefit of permitting identification of more subtle hormone-behavior relationships within the overall cycle. To illustrate, hormonal changes have an impact on the dopaminergic system (Morrissette & Di Pialo, 1993) and may lead to symptoms (e.g., depression, irritability) that mimic or enhance tobacco withdrawal symptoms (Gallant, Hamilton, Popiel, Morokoff, & Chakraborty, 1991). If hormone-mediated symptoms augment nicotine withdrawal and craving, then one might expect smoking behavior or withdrawal symptoms to fluctuate across menstrual phases (Perkins, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual cycle phase effects on nicotine withdrawal and cigarette craving: A review

Carpenter¹,

Upadhyaya²,

LaRowe³

et al. 2006

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

146

117

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Evidence suggests that women are less likely to quit smoking than are men. This may reflect differences in nicotine dependence and, more specifically perhaps, nicotine withdrawal and craving. However, there is conflicting research on gender differences on the experience of withdrawal and craving. Menstrual cycle effects may moderate this relationship. Given hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, abstinence-related symptoms such as withdrawal and craving may vary as a function of menstrual phase as well. This qualitative review summarizes the modest but expanding body of research in this area. One of the challenges inherent in interpreting this literature is the difficulty in distinguishing withdrawal symptomatology from premenstrual symptomatology. Methodological variation, including limited sample size and possible selection bias, in which several studies finding null effects excluded women with severe premenstrual dysphoric disorder, may explain some of the inconsistent findings across studies. Nonetheless, some of the 13 studies included in this review found heightened experiences of withdrawal or craving within the latter days of the menstrual cycle (i.e., the luteal phase). Further research is necessary to replicate these findings, but they may suggest the need for focused cessation treatment during the luteal phase or quit attempts that are well timed relative to specific menstrual phases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual cycle phase effects on nicotine withdrawal and cigarette craving: A review

Carpenter¹,

Upadhyaya²,

LaRowe³

et al. 2006

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

146

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our subjects completed their food records and they were tested during the follicular phase of the cycle, since both food intake and mood are in¯uenced by the phase of the cycle. 22,23 Lieberman and colleagues do not report on this. If they selected patients in the luteal phase of the cycle, the patients may just have exhibited a premenstrual eating pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Psychological and metabolic responses of carbohydrate craving obese patients to carbohydrate, fat and protein-rich meals

et al. 1997

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RATIONALE: A defective central serotonergic neurotransmission has been suggested to result in the concomitant occurrence of an appetite disorder and a disturbed mood. This syndrome was termed carbohydrate carving (CC) obesity. Excessive consumption of carbohydrate-rich snacks would, through a plasma amino acid mediated mechanism, restore serotonergic neurotransmission and thereby relieve the symptoms of atypical depression. OBJECTIVES: To test whether CC obese patients indeed exhibit symptoms of atypical depression, whether these symptoms can be alleviated by carbohydrate-rich snacks and whether they respond differently to the snacks than non-carbohydrate craving (NC) control subjects. Furthermore, we investigated whether differences between CC and NC patients could be related to peripheral metabolic differences. DESIGN: Double blinded, randomized with cross-over. Patients received three types of snacks (100/0/0, 70/29/1 and 35/3/62 energy percent carbohydrate/fat/protein respectively) on three consecutive test days. Before and after snack administration mood and performance were tested and blood samples were obtained. SUBJECTS: 9 CC and 17 NC obese patients, matched for sex, age and body mass index. MEASUREMENTS: Mood states (Pro®le of Mood States and Visual Analogue Scales) and performance (BourdonWiersma cancellation test), serum glucose and insulin and plasma amino acid concentrations. RESULTS: Before snack consumption, CC patients had slightly higher anger and fatigue scores and tended to have lower mood scores than NC patients. The ef®ciency of performance increased in both groups after all snacks. No other psychological effects of the snacks were registered. Psychological and metabolic responses of CC and NC patients to the snacks were similar. CONCLUSION: Although they may have a somewhat disturbed mood, CC obese patients do not improve their mood states through ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich snack. It seems, from a therapeutic point of view, useless to maintain the concept of carbohydrate craving.

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“…One such variable is participant awareness, which appears to play a role in the prevalence rates of PMDD reported in the literature (Gehlert & Hartlage, 1997). For example, when women participants know that a study focuses on menstruation in relationship to mood, they tend to report more negative moods than do women unaware of this focus (Gallant, Hamilton, Popiel, Morokoff, & Chakraborty, 1991). It appears that the wording used in the assessment protocols for PMS, LLPDD, or PMDD can directly influence women's awareness of a study's focus (Meaden et al, 2005), contributing to some of the variability observed in women's reports of their menstrual symptoms.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 97%

An Empirical Evaluation of the Diagnostic Criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Problems with Sex Specificity and Validity

et al. 2008

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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a psychiatric disorder that reportedly affects between 3 to 8% of women. Although not an official diagnosis in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, premenstrual dysphoric disorder has received increasing attention in the clinical literature, and considerable debate exists regarding the validity of this proposed condition. This study examined the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a sample of women and men and assessed the construct validity of the disorder. Twenty percent of women met the criteria for provisional diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria. In addition, 4% of men met these criteria when given sex-neutral assessment forms. Self-reported psychological distress and impaired interpersonal functioning did not predict women's likelihood of meeting the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Results cast doubt on the sex-specificity of the diagnostic criteria of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and the construct validity of the disorder. Limitations of this study are discussed.

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Daily moods and symptoms: Effects of awareness of study focus, gender, menstrual-cycle phase, and day of the week.

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Menstrual cycle phase effects on nicotine withdrawal and cigarette craving: A review

Menstrual cycle phase effects on nicotine withdrawal and cigarette craving: A review

Psychological and metabolic responses of carbohydrate craving obese patients to carbohydrate, fat and protein-rich meals

An Empirical Evaluation of the Diagnostic Criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Problems with Sex Specificity and Validity

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