Daily Profiles of Light Exposure and Evening Use of Light-emitting Devices in Young Adults Complaining of a Delayed Sleep Schedule

Maren, Solenne Van der; Moderie, Christophe; Duclos, Catherine; Paquet, Jean; Daneault, Véronique; Dumont, Marie

doi:10.1177/0748730418757007

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…self-selected exposure to artificial sources of light) also play an important role in the aetiology of DSWPD. This is supported by studies demonstrating increased night-time light exposure in DSWPD patients (Auger et al 2011;Van der Maren et al 2018), as well as modelling results that show increased use of artificial light sources J Physiol 596.24 amplifies individual differences in circadian and sleep timing (Skeldon et al 2017;Swaminathan et al 2017). Therefore, it is likely that delayed timing in DSWPD is a result of both physiological and behavioural differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder

Watson

Phillips

Hosken

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points This is the first study to demonstrate an altered circadian phase shifting response in a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Patients with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) demonstrate greater sensitivity of the circadian system to the phase‐delaying effects of light. Increased circadian sensitivity to light is associated with later circadian timing within both control and DSWPD groups. DSWPD patients had a greater sustained pupil response after light exposure. Treatments for DSWPD should consider sensitivity of the circadian system to light as a potential underlying vulnerability, making patients susceptible to relapse. Abstract Patients with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) exhibit delayed sleep–wake behaviour relative to desired bedtime, often leading to chronic sleep restriction and daytime dysfunction. The majority of DSWPD patients also display delayed circadian timing in the melatonin rhythm. Hypersensitivity of the circadian system to phase‐delaying light is a plausible physiological basis for DSWPD vulnerability. We compared the phase shifting response to a 6.5 h light exposure (∼150 lux) between male patients with diagnosed DSWPD (n = 10; aged 20.8 ± 2.3 years) and male healthy controls (n = 11; aged 22.4 ± 3.3 years). Salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured under controlled conditions in dim light (<3 lux) before and after light exposure. Correcting for the circadian time of the light exposure, DSWPD patients exhibited 31.5% greater phase delay shifts than healthy controls. In both groups, a later initial melatonin phase was associated with a greater magnitude phase shift, indicating that increased circadian sensitivity to light may be a factor that contributes to delayed phase, even in non‐clinical groups. DSWPD patients also had reduced pupil size following the light exposure, and showed a trend towards increased melatonin suppression during light exposure. These findings indicate that, for patients with DSWPD, assessment of light sensitivity may be an important factor that can inform behavioural therapy, including minimization of exposure to phase‐delaying night‐time light.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…; Van der Maren et al . ), as well as modelling results that show increased use of artificial light sources amplifies individual differences in circadian and sleep timing (Skeldon et al . ; Swaminathan et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder

Watson

Phillips

Hosken

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The relationship between chronotype and sleep phenotype is less well-understood. Eveningness is associated with delayed sleep onset, as measured by both objective and subjective methods (Yadav and Singh, 2014;Van der Maren et al, 2018;Moderie et al, 2019). Evening orientation has also been associated with shorter sleep duration on work days and poorer sleep quality (Roepke and Duffy, 2010;Kim et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Quality, Sleep Structure, and PER3 Genotype Mediate Chronotype Effects on Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults

et al. 2020

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Depression and its related mood disorders are a major global health issue that disproportionately affects young adults. A number of factors that influence depressive symptoms are particularly relevant to the young adult developmental stage, including sleep loss, poor sleep quality, and the tendency toward eveningness in circadian preferences. However, relatively few studies have examined the relationship between sleep and circadian phenotypes, and their respective influences on mood, or considered potential molecular mechanisms driving these associations. Here, we use a multi-year, cross-sectional study of 806 primarily undergraduates to examine the relationships between sleep-wake chronotype, sleep disturbance, depression and genotypes associated with the PER3 variable number of tandom repeats (VNTR) polymorphism-circadian gene variants associated with both chronotype and sleep homeostatic drive. In addition, we use objective, Fitbit-generated sleep structure data on a subset of these participants (n = 67) to examine the relationships between chronotype, depression scores, actual measures of sleep duration, social jetlag, and the percent of deep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep per night. In this population, chronotype is weakly associated with depressive symptoms and moderately correlated with self-reported sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance is significantly associated with depression scores, but objective sleep parameters are not directly correlated with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scores, with the exceptions of a moderate correlation between social jetlag and depression scores in females and a marginal correlation between sleep duration and depression scores. Multiple regression and path analyses reveal that chronotype effects on depressive symptoms in this population are mediated largely by sleep disturbance. The PER3 VNTR genotype significantly predicts depressive symptoms in a model with objective sleep parameters, but it does not significantly predict depressive symptoms in a model with chronotype or subjective sleep disturbance. Interestingly, PER3 5,5 genotypes, in males only, are independently related to chronotype and depression scores. Our results support hypotheses linking subjective sleep quality and chronotype and provide a first step in understanding how objective sleep structure may be linked to chronotype and depressive symptoms. Our results also suggest that circadian gene variants may show sex-specific effects linking sleep duration and sleep structure to depression.

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“…This study is the fourth and last part of a larger research project and more details on subjects' selection can be found in the previous publications. [25][26][27] Subjects' characteristics are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Participants and Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Impact of Mandatory Wake Time on Sleep Timing, Sleep Quality and Rest-Activity Cycle in College and University Students Complaining of a Delayed Sleep Schedule: An Actigraphy Study</p>

Moderie¹,

Maren²,

Paquet

et al. 2020

NSS

Self Cite

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Background: Individuals complaining of a delayed sleep schedule are expected to have shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality when they must comply with morning obligations. The changes in the sleep schedule imposed by morning obligations may in turn decrease the stability and amplitude of their rest-activity cycle. These expectations were only partially supported in previous studies, possibly due to poor differentiation between days with mandatory or free wake times. Participants: Fourteen college/university students (8 women) with a complaint of a late sleep schedule and a bedtime after midnight were compared to fourteen controls with an earlier sleep schedule and no complaint. Methods: During a week of 24-h activity recording, participants specified in their sleep diary whether their wake time was free or determined by an obligation. Results: The number of nights with mandatory wake times was similar in the two groups. Groups were also similar for sleep duration and sleep quality over the 7 days of recording. Actigraphic sleep efficiency was the same in the two groups for both free and mandatory wake times, but subjective sleep quality decreased on the nights with mandatory wake time in both groups. On the nights with mandatory wake time, delayed participants had shorter sleep episodes and less total sleep time than controls. Rest-activity cycle amplitude was lower in the delayed group whether wake time was free or mandatory. Conclusion: Sleep duration and total sleep time differed between the two groups only when wake time was mandatory. Prior to mandatory wake times, delayed participants kept the same bedtime and shortened their sleep; sleep latency and sleep efficiency were preserved but subjective sleep quality and alertness on awakening decreased compared to nights with free wake time. Lower amplitude of the rest-activity cycle in delayed subjects may reflect lifestyle differences compared to control participants.

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Daily Profiles of Light Exposure and Evening Use of Light-emitting Devices in Young Adults Complaining of a Delayed Sleep Schedule

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder

Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder

Sleep Quality, Sleep Structure, and PER3 Genotype Mediate Chronotype Effects on Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults

<p>Impact of Mandatory Wake Time on Sleep Timing, Sleep Quality and Rest-Activity Cycle in College and University Students Complaining of a Delayed Sleep Schedule: An Actigraphy Study</p>

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