Daily ration of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius larvae

Shoji, Jun; Maehara, Tsutomu; Aoyama, Mitsuhiro; Fujimoto, Hiroshi; Iwamoto, Akio; Tanaka, Masaru

doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00246.x

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Holt & Holt (2000) have demonstrated diel feeding periodicity for spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier) larvae in Texas. The gut evacuation time can be estimated from the decline in gut contents during the non‐feeding period, and applied to the quantity of food in the gut during the feeding period to estimate daily ration (Shoji et al ., 2001). Diel changes in feeding activity have an impact on the gut evacuation rate, and are therefore an important consideration in the analysis of gut contents and estimation of daily rations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption and gut evacuation rate of laboratory‐reared spotted seatrout (Sciaenidae) larvae and juveniles

Wuenschel

Werner

2004

Journal of Fish Biology

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The temperature and mass dependence of maximum consumption rate was measured for larval and early juvenile spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus. Maximum consumption (C MAX ) estimates were obtained from feeding and gut evacuation experiments on larvae (3Á8-19 mm standard length, L S ) at three temperatures (24, 28 and 32 C), and maximum consumption experiments on juveniles at three temperatures (20, 26 and 32 C). Feeding levels were determined for larvae fed live prey (Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina) ad libitum. The midgut and total evacuation times were estimated for fish feeding continuously and discontinuously using alternate meals of tagged and untagged live prey. Temperature and fish size had significant effects on gut evacuation and consumption. The gut evacuation time increased with increasing fish size, and decreased with increasing temperatures. Mass-specific midgut contents increased for small larvae <0Á156 mg dry mass (M D ) (c. 4 mm L S ), and decreased for larger larvae and juveniles. Maximum consumption was modelled by fitting a polynomial function to a reduced dataset of individuals feeding at high levels. The C MAX model predicted an initial increase in specific feeding rate from 70 to 155% M D day À1 for small larvae, before declining for larger larvae and juveniles. # 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption and gut evacuation rate of laboratory‐reared spotted seatrout (Sciaenidae) larvae and juveniles

Wuenschel

Werner

2004

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Comparisons with other taxa are difficult due to the variety of approaches used; however, other work has estimated larval daily rations of 25 to 30% for oceanic tunas Thunnus spp. from the Indian Ocean (Young & Davis 1990) and ~120% for coastal, piscivorous Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius (Shoji et al 2001). Laboratory efforts focused on estuarine species just inshore of the SOF yielded values near 50% when prey concentrations were held similar to the natural environment (Houde & Schekter 1981).…”

Section: Gut Evacuation and Daily Rationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the most advanced first-feeding larvae are the coastal mackerels Scomberomorus spp. that are first-feeding piscivores (Shoji et al 2001), a strategy presumably dependent upon higher larval fish prey abundances near the coast. For larval billfishes, the inclusion of piscivory was after a period of crustacean feeding (> 5 mm BL) and complemented the crustacean diet until nearly exclusive at much greater lengths (~12 mm BL).…”

Section: Feeding Incidence Diet and Ontogenetic Diet Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precocious, selective and successful feeding of larval billfishes in the oceanic Straits of Florida

Llopiz¹,

Cowen²

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT:The oligotrophic open ocean of low latitudes is larval fish habitat for a diversity of resident and migratory species. It is hypothesized that these waters, relative to coastal regions, yield reduced predation mortality, but little is known regarding the feeding and feeding environment of these larvae and the extent to which a nutritional tradeoff may exist, whereby lower predation mortality is accompanied by poor feeding conditions. Monthly sampling of larval billfishes (Istiophoridae) across the Straits of Florida over 2 yr allowed for an investigation of the temporal, spatial and ontogenetic variability in the feeding of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and blue marlin Makaira nigricans. Consumed prey were numerically dominated (90%) by 2 crustaceans: a copepod (Farranula; mainly F. gracilis) and a cladoceran (Evadne; mainly E. tergestina), with relative proportions displaying marked spatial variability. These prey were consumed throughout early larval ontogeny, from first feeding through piscivorous lengths (> 5 mm), until piscivory became exclusive near 12 mm. High daytime feeding incidence (0.94) and rapid digestion (~3.5 h) support generally frequent and successful feeding by billfish larvae. Prey selectivity was illustrated by preference for Evadne over Farranula and a near absence of calanoid copepods from diets despite high environmental concentrations. Gut fullness exhibited a distinct sunset peak and also differed significantly with larval length and year, but not with season or location. A gut evacuation rate was used to estimate a daily ration of 29 to 75% of gut-free body weight, varying greatly with model selection but also with daylight length. Although potentially unique to the Straits of Florida and larval billfishes, these results contradict the general presumption that the subtropical open ocean is nutritionally constraining for larval fish.KEY WORDS: Fish larvae · Larval fish feeding · Istiophoridae · Piscivory · Ontogenetic shift · Daily ration · Istiophorus platypterus · Makaira nigricans 358: 231-244, 2008 ensure the survival of some offspring in an unpredictable and constraining environment. Consequently, investigating larval fish feeding dynamics in lower latitudes at temporal and spatial scales commensurate with those of spawning is essential to understanding the potential role of feeding in survival to later stages. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog SerPrevious work on the feeding of larval istiophorid billfishes in the Indian and Pacific Oceans (Gorbunova & Lipskaya 1975, Uotani & Ueyanagi 1997 suffers from either low sample sizes or limited analyses, especially regarding variability with space and time. In the Atlantic Ocean, there is an even greater paucity of data, with only a handful of small studies reporting on a combined total of 45 larvae (Voss 1953, Gehringer 1956, Schekter 1971. The feeding habits of the youngest individuals, including the first-feeding stage, and any variability with time, space and pre...

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“…Artificial fertilizations were carried out with pairs of adult Japanese Spanish mackerel captured using a drift gillnet in the Sea of Harima, eastern Seto Inland Sea (34°22′ N; 134°06′ E; Shoji et al ., 2001) in May 2001. Eggs were maintained in 500 l tanks at a density of 20 individuals l −1 with filtered sea water under natural light conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily ration and prey size of juvenile piscivore Japanese Spanish mackerel

Shoji

Tanaka

2005

Journal of Fish Biology

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Daily ration of juvenile Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius (32Á1-33Á1 mm standard length, L S ) was estimated at three temperatures (18Á6, 19Á5 and 21Á2 C) in the laboratory. Gastric evacuation rate ranged between 0Á398 (18Á6 C) and 0Á431 (21Á2 C). Diel change in instantaneous consumption rate indicated that juvenile Japanese Spanish mackerel are daylight feeders. The estimated values of the daily ration ranged between 66Á1% (18Á6 C) and 82Á6% (21Á2 C) of body mass. These per cent values of daily ration were converted to daily consumption in mg (28 mg at 18Á6 C to 34 mg at 21Á2 C) using the mean dry body mass of juvenile Japanese Spanish mackerel of 30 mm (42Á1 mg). Stomach content analysis of wild specimens collected in the Seto Inland Sea, south-western Japan, revealed that the majority of wild Japanese Spanish mackerel larvae and juveniles ingested fish larvae with a body size >50% of the predator L S . Based on the predator-prey size relationship, the daily consumption of a Japanese Spanish mackerel juvenile of 30 mm was equivalent to 5Á1 (18Á6 C) to 6Á4 (21Á2 C) Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus larvae which was the dominant prey organism in stomachs of the wild Japanese Spanish mackerel. # 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Daily ration of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius larvae

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Consumption and gut evacuation rate of laboratory‐reared spotted seatrout (Sciaenidae) larvae and juveniles

Consumption and gut evacuation rate of laboratory‐reared spotted seatrout (Sciaenidae) larvae and juveniles

Precocious, selective and successful feeding of larval billfishes in the oceanic Straits of Florida

Daily ration and prey size of juvenile piscivore Japanese Spanish mackerel

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