Daily rhythmicity in the sexual behaviour of Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)

Abstract

http://www.eje.cz MATERIALS AND METHODS Insects Cocoons were collected from pear and apple trees in Luanxian County, Hebei Province, in late April 2014 and 2015. The cocoons were kept at 25 ± 2°C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and under a natural photoperiod until adult emergence. The adults of M. fl avescens started to emerge at the end of May. After emergence, the male and female moths were immediately segregated into different cages (40 × 40 × 60 cm; 15 moths per cage) containing 10% (wt/vol) sugar solution in different rooms. One room was used for observing calling and copulation and the other for wind tunnel experiments under a 14L : 10D natural photoperiod (sunrise about at 5:00 and sunset at 19:00). A single red incandescent light bulb providing a light intensity of approximately 0.5 lux was used to observe sexual behaviour in both rooms. In

Pest categorisation of Monema flavescens

“…M. flavescens develops through four life stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult (Collins, 1933; Dyar, 1909) (Figures 1, 2A,B). During the summer, recently emerged females use a sex pheromone to attract males for mating (Shibasaki et al., 2013; Yang, 2022; Yang et al., 2016). Mated females lay between 500 and 1000 eggs on the underside of the leaves (Clausen, 1978; Collins, 1933).…”

“…An attractive blend of female sex pheromones has been identified in Japan (Shibasaki et al., 2013). It proved inactive in China, but another, locally active blend was successfully tested (Yang, 2022; Yang et al., 2016). It is unknown whether these pheromones are commercially available.…”

“…M. flavescens mainly occurs in Asia: Bhutan (Peng et al., 2017); China (Yang et al., 2016; Zhao and Chen, 1992); the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Kawada, 1930); Japan (Asahina et al., 1954; Dowden, 1946; Peng et al., 2017; Shibasaki et al., 2013; Togashi & Ishikawa, 1994; Yamada, 1992; Yang et al., 2016); Nepal (Peng et al., 2017); the Republic of Korea (Peng et al., 2017); Russia (Eastern Siberia) (Yang et al., 2016); Taiwan (Kawada, 1930).…”