Daily rhythmicity of clock gene transcript levels in fast and slow muscle fibers from Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)

Abstract

BackgroundClock genes are considered to be the molecular core of biological clock in vertebrates and they are directly involved in the regulation of daily rhythms in vertebrate tissues such as skeletal muscles. Fish myotomes are composed of anatomically segregated fast and slow muscle fibers that possess different metabolic and contractile properties. To date, there is no report on the characterization of the circadian clock system components of slow muscles in fish.ResultsIn the present study, the molecular clock components (clock, arntl1/2, cry1/2/3, cry-dash, npas2, nr1d1/2, per1/2/3, rorα and tim genes) and their daily transcription levels were characterized in slow and fast muscles of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Among the 15 clock genes, nrld2 and per3 had no daily rhythmicity in slow muscles, and cry2/3 and tim displayed no daily rhythmicity in fast muscles of the adult fish. In the slow muscles, the highest expression of the most clock paralogs occurred at the dark period except arntl1, nr1d1, nr1d2 and tim. With the exception of nr1d2 and tim, the other clock genes had an acrophase at the light period in fast muscles. The circadian expression of the myogenic regulatory factors (mrf4 and myf5), mstn and pnca showed either a positive or a negative correlation with the transcription pattern of the clock genes in both types of muscles.ConclusionsIt was the first report to unravel the molecular clock components of the slow and fast muscles in vertebrates. The expressional pattern differences of the clock genes between the two types of muscle fibers suggest that the clock system may play key roles on muscle type-specific tissue maintenance and function.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3373-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Impact of Short-Term Fasting on The Rhythmic Expression of the Core Circadian Clock and Clock-Controlled Genes in Skeletal Muscle of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)

“…It is noteworthy that Per1 was the only gene that had rhythms during the normally fed condition in crucian carp skeletal muscle. These patterns are similar to those reported for other Per1 genes in the zebrafish, goldfish, Chinese perch, and European sea bass [ 11 , 17 , 21 , 30 ]. After 7-day fasting, the daily rhythmic expression of Per2 took the place of Per1 and had a strong correlation with Bmal1a .…”

“…Compared with the core clock genes in mammals, those in fish are more homologous. This theory is confirmed in zebrafish, medaka, goldfish, European seabass, gilthead seabream, Senegalese sole, Atlantic cod, and Chinese perch [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…Thus, MyoD acts as a molecular link between the circadian clock system and skeletal muscle physiological activity [ 34 ]. Simultaneously, evidence has been found for circadian expression of MyoD in Chinese perch and Atlantic cod [ 16 , 17 ]. In contrast, we found that MyoD did not show rhythm in crucian carp skeletal muscle no matter in normal feeding or starvation.…”

“…In earlier reports on the Chinese perch, we identified a series of circadian clock and myogenic genes that may participate in controlling muscle biological clock system [ 17 ]. Few reports are available on changes in rhythmic expression of fish clock genes after starvation.…”

Molecular Characterization, Spatial–Temporal Expression Profiles, and Injury‐responsive Regulation of Myocyte‐specific Enhancer Factor 2 Gene Family in the Ricefield Eel, Monopterus albus

“…PCR mixtures system contained 12.5 μL SYBR® Premix Ex TaqTM II (TaKaRa), 2 μL template cDNA, 1 μL primer‐F and primer‐R (10 mM), and 8.5 μL sterile water. PCR reaction conditions were conducted at predegenerated 95 C for 30 sec, followed by amplification and quantification 40 cycles at degeneration 95 C for 5 sec, annealing 55 C for 25 sec, drawing dissolved curves of temperature 65∼95 C RPL13 as a stable and suitable housekeeping gene was used as an inner control (Wu et al ).…”