Daily temperature variation and extreme high temperatures drive performance and biotic interactions in a warming world

Stoks, Robby; Verheyen, Julie; Dievel, Marie Van; Tüzün, Nedim

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2017.06.008

Cited by 77 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This has, for example, been shown in several insects (Asin and Pons, 2001;Chang et al, 2007;Gillespie et al, 2012;Bauerfeind and Fischer, 2014). Similarly, under extreme high temperatures, reductions in growth rate have been suggested (Lemoine and Burkepile, 2012), a key performance trait frequently studied in thermal research (Schulte et al, 2011) and directly relevant for biotic interactions (Stoks et al, 2017). Yet, several studies that explicitly simulated heat waves or exposed insects to extreme temperatures (6 to 10°C above normal) did not find a decrease in growth rate (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Beneficial effects of a heat wave: higher growth and immune components driven by a higher food intake

Dievel

Stoks

Janssens

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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While heat waves will become more frequent and intense under global warming, the ability of species to deal with extreme weather events is poorly understood. We investigated how a heat wave influenced growth rate and investment in two immune components (phenoloxidase activity and melanin content) in larvae of two damselfly species, and Late instar larvae were kept at 18°C (i.e. their average natural water temperature) or under a simulated long heat wave at 30°C. To explain the heat wave effects, we quantified traits related to energy uptake (food intake and growth efficiency), energy expenditure (metabolic rate measured as activity of the electron transport system, ETS) and investment in energy storage (fat content). The two species differed in life strategy, with having a higher growth rate, growth efficiency, ETS activity and fat content. In line with its preference for cooler water bodies, the heat wave was only lethal for However, both species benefited from the heat wave by increasing growth rate, which can be explained by the higher increase in food intake than metabolic rate. This may also have contributed to the increased investment in energy storage and immune components under the heat wave. This mediatory role of food intake indicates the critical role of food availability and behaviour in shaping the impact of heat waves. Our results highlight the importance of including behavioural and physiological variables to unravel and predict the impact of extreme climate events on organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Beneficial effects of a heat wave: higher growth and immune components driven by a higher food intake

Dievel

Stoks

Janssens

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This is complicated by potentially strong effects of daily temperature variations on trophic interactions between insect populations (Stoks et al. ) and the resulting top‐down effects on vegetation (Barton and Schmitz ). Moreover, the effects of climate change on predator–prey interactions and pest control have been shown to differ between differentially managed agricultural systems (Murrell and Barton ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might also have practical implications for pest control since in contrast to the often predicted increased probability of pest outbreaks with higher daily mean temperatures in the future (Taylor et al 2018), pest species might be detrimentally affected by night time warming (Zhao et al 2014). This is complicated by potentially strong effects of daily temperature variations on trophic interactions between insect populations (Stoks et al 2017) and the resulting top-down effects on vegetation (Barton and Schmitz 2018). Moreover, the effects of climate change on predator-prey interactions and pest control have been shown to differ between differentially managed agricultural systems (Murrell and Barton 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the consequences of climate change under different land‐use regimes: a novel experimental infrastructure

et al. 2019

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Climate change and land‐use change are considered as the most important threats to ecosystems. Both factors can be expected to have interacting influences on ecosystem functions directly and indirectly via changes in biodiversity. Knowledge about these interactions is limited due to a lack of experiments which investigate climate change effects under different land‐use scenarios. Among the processes involved in ecosystem responses to global change, in particular, those occurring in soils or related to biotic interactions and microevolution were underinvestigated in previous experiments. Examinations of these relationships require spatial and temporal scales which go beyond those realized in the majority of ecological field experiments. We introduce a new research facility, the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF), which was designed to investigate the consequences of a future climate scenario for ecosystem functioning in different land‐use types on large field plots (400 m2). Climate manipulation is based on projections for the period of 2070–2100 with an increased temperature and a changed precipitation pattern consisting of reduced precipitation in summer and increased precipitation in spring and autumn. We subject five different land‐use types (two farming systems, three grasslands), differing in land‐use intensity, to ambient and future climatic conditions. The use of automated roofs and side panels to passively increase night temperatures results in an average increase in daily mean temperature by 0.55°C accompanied by a stronger increase in minimum temperatures (up to 1.14°C in average) with longer frost‐free periods and an increase in growing degree days by 5.2%. The combined use of mobile roofs and irrigation systems allows the reduction (in summer by ~20%) and increase in rainfall (in spring and autumn by ~10%) according to future scenarios superimposed on the ambient variation in precipitation. The large plot size and the technical configuration allow the establishment of realistic land‐use scenarios and long‐term observations of responses of ecosystem functions and community dynamics on relevant temporal and spatial scales. Thus, the GCEF provides a well‐suited platform for the interdisciplinary research on the consequences of climate change under different land‐use scenarios.

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“…DTFs at a given mean temperature can indeed negatively affect fitness‐related traits such as growth rate and development rate, and decrease survival (Bozinovic, Medina, Alruiz, Cavieres, & Sabat, ; Colinet et al., ; Paaijmans et al., ). These deleterious effects occur when the range of temperatures encountered during a daily cycle exceeds the optimal temperature, above which performance rapidly falls (Colinet et al., ; Estay et al., ; Martin & Huey, ; Stoks, Verheyen, Van Dievel, & Tüzün, ). A reduction in performance under DTF can be explained because of the higher allocation of energy to the increased metabolic demands for cell maintenance (Colinet et al., ; Kern, Cramp, & Franklin, ), which may include the production of stress proteins (McMillan, Fearnley, Rank, & Dahlhoff, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature variation makes an ectotherm more sensitive to global warming unless thermal evolution occurs

Verheyen

Stoks

2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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1. To assess long-term impacts of global warming on species, there is growing interest in latitudinal intraspecific patterns in thermal adaptation. Yet, while both mean temperatures and daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs) are expected to increase under global warming, latitudinal differences in the effects of DTFs have not been documented.2. We tested whether low-latitude populations of an ectotherm deal better with greater DTF than high-latitude populations, especially at a high mean temperature close to the optimal temperature for growth where DTF causes exposure to extreme high temperatures. We evaluated the impact of DTFs when assessing the effect of gradual thermal evolution at the high latitude with a space-for-time substitution.3. We compared effects of both mean temperatures (20 and 24°C) and DTFs (constant = 0°C, low = 5°C and high = 10°C) on growth rates between low-latitude and high-latitude populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans in a commongarden experiment. 4. DTFs, if anything, reduced growth and were generally stressful as indicated by reductions in body condition, antioxidant defence and metabolic rate, and increases in oxidative damage. Most negative effects of DTFs were only present at a mean of 24°C when too high temperatures were reached during a daily cycle.Notably, while 4°C warming was beneficial in terms of growth rate at both latitudes at a constant temperature regime, this changed in a negative effect at high DTF. Moreover, this modulating effect of the mean temperature by DTF differed between latitudes indicating local thermal adaptation. While 4°C warming at low DTF still caused faster growth in low-latitude larvae, it already slowed growth in high-latitude larvae. This supports the emerging insight that warming would increase growth in high-latitude larvae in the absence of DTF, yet would decrease growth in the more realistic scenarios with DTF. In contrast, a space-for-time substitution approach suggested that under gradual thermal evolution, the evolved high-latitude larvae would no longer suffer a growth reduction in the presence of DTF. 5.Our study provided important proof-of-principle that jointly integrating gradual thermal evolution and the expected increase in DTF generates opposing predictions of effects of global warming on this ectotherm. Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article.How to cite this article: Verheyen J, Stoks R. Temperature variation makes an ectotherm more sensitive to global warming unless thermal evolution occurs. J Anim Ecol.

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Daily temperature variation and extreme high temperatures drive performance and biotic interactions in a warming world

Cited by 77 publications

References 56 publications

Beneficial effects of a heat wave: higher growth and immune components driven by a higher food intake

Beneficial effects of a heat wave: higher growth and immune components driven by a higher food intake

Investigating the consequences of climate change under different land‐use regimes: a novel experimental infrastructure

Temperature variation makes an ectotherm more sensitive to global warming unless thermal evolution occurs

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