Daily use of an electric vehicle: behavioural changes and potential for ITS support

Electric vehicle capacity forecasting model with application to load levelling

“…There are slight differences between different power levels since the product of numbers of EVs and their power levels are not strictly equivalent. The results are also different from previous studies [7], [9] because of inclusion of the flexible EV capacity forecasting model. In the proposed model, charging and discharging can either be continuous or occur alternately to achieve flexibility.…”

“…Published work to date has not systematically considered all major uncertainties, with most papers examining driving behaviour and different EV charging and discharging power levels, rather than the inclusion of additional factors, which directly affect EV viability [5]- [6]. In particular, since EV travel can be regarded as either 'normal' or 'irregular' [9], charging and discharging must be flexible, meaning that once an EV is plugged-in, charging or discharging should commence immediately. This paper considers pertinent and timely issues, which affect both EV charging and discharging.…”

Power system steady-state analysis with large-scale electric vehicle integration

“…This type of charging or discharging strategy cannot meet the requirements for practical daily travel and commute for EV owners [19], who require non-continuous/alternate charging or discharging. Thus, a flexible EV capacity forecasting model needs to be developed.…”

Range comfort zone of electric vehicle users – concept and assessment

“…However, many psychological factors drive the interaction with range [5,6,7,8]. This leads to a certain usable range of a BEV (i.e., the range that users can actually utilise with an optimal user experience) which typically is considerably smaller than technical range [5,9,10]. Yet, while there is an established objective method to assess technical range, namely standardised driving cycles (e.g., [11]), such a method is missing for the assessment of usable range.…”