“…Forecasting in the shipping industry and energy markets, which are directly linked to the financial markets, has gained popularity as demonstrated by a large number of studies (Kavussanos, 1996b;Jing, Marlow, and Wangi, 2008;Drobetz et al, 2012;Wang and Wu, 2012;Alizadeh, 2013). Such studies are aided by the tools and methodological approaches developed for forecasting shipping freight rates; while in the general finance literature a number of studies have included various economic and other parameters in the modeling process, such as implied volatility, captured by the Volatility Index (VIX), and trading volume (Lamoureux and Lastrapes, 1990;Blair, Poon, and Tay-lor, 2001;Fuertes, Kalotychou, and Todorovic, 2015;Kambouroudis and McMillan, 2016;Chao, 2016).…”