Dairy Intake and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Villoz, Fanny; Filippini, Tommaso; Ortega, Natalia; Kopp-Heim, Doris; Voortman, Trudy; Blum, Manuel R.; Del Giovane, Cinzia; Vinceti, Marco; Rodondi, Nicolas; Chocano-Bedoya, Patricia O.

doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100160

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Although these previous studies did not examine the associations for butter per se, intake of regular fat dairy products, including cheese, yogurt, and milk, was reported to be either not associated or inversely associated with lower cognitive function, cognitive decline, and dementia. 35 , 36 , 37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death

Tessier,

Cortese,

Yuan

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceAge-standardized dementia mortality rates are on the rise. Whether long-term consumption of olive oil and diet quality are associated with dementia-related death is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association of olive oil intake with the subsequent risk of dementia-related death and assess the joint association with diet quality and substitution for other fats.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study examined data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1990-2018) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1990-2018). The population included women from the NHS and men from the HPFS who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to July 2023.ExposuresOlive oil intake was assessed every 4 years using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized as (1) never or less than once per month, (2) greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4.5 g/d, (3) greater than 4.5 g/d to less than or equal to 7 g/d, and (4) greater than 7 g/d. Diet quality was based on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet score.Main Outcome and MeasureDementia death was ascertained from death records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders including genetic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors.ResultsOf 92 383 participants, 60 582 (65.6%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 56.4 (8.0) years. During 28 years of follow-up (2 183 095 person-years), 4751 dementia-related deaths occurred. Individuals who were homozygous for the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) allele were 5 to 9 times more likely to die with dementia. Consuming at least 7 g/d of olive oil was associated with a 28% lower risk of dementia-related death (adjusted pooled HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64-0.81]) compared with never or rarely consuming olive oil (P for trend &lt; .001); results were consistent after further adjustment for APOE ε4. No interaction by diet quality scores was found. In modeled substitution analyses, replacing 5 g/d of margarine and mayonnaise with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with an 8% (95% CI, 4%-12%) to 14% (95% CI, 7%-20%) lower risk of dementia mortality. Substitutions for other vegetable oils or butter were not significant.Conclusions and RelevanceIn US adults, higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality, irrespective of diet quality. Beyond heart health, the findings extend the current dietary recommendations of choosing olive oil and other vegetable oils for cognitive-related health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death

Tessier,

Cortese,

Yuan

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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“…We eventually provided a graphical overlay of study-specific trends using predicted study-specific curves showing the influence of variation across studies. 15 , 20 , 21 All analyses were carried out by using Stata-MP software (v18.0, Stata Corp, College Station, TX, 2023), specifically the “meta,” “mkspline,” and “drmeta” routines.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies

Cecchini,

Filippini,

Whelton

et al. 2024

Hypertension

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BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption has been associated with higher blood pressure and an increased risk of hypertension. However, the possible exposure thresholds and effect-modifiers are uncertain. METHODS: We assessed the dose-response relationship between usual alcohol intake and hypertension incidence in nonexperimental cohort studies. After performing a systematic literature search through February 20, 2024, we retrieved 23 eligible studies. We computed risk ratios and 95% CI of hypertension incidence using a nonlinear meta-analytic model based on restricted cubic splines, to assess the dose-response association with alcohol consumption. RESULTS: We observed a positive and almost linear association between alcohol intake and hypertension risk with risk ratios of 0.89 (0.84–0.94), 1.11 (1.07–1.15), 1.22 (1.14–1.30), and 1.33 (1.18–1.49) for 0, 24, 36 and 48 g/d, respectively, using 12 g alcohol/d as the reference value. In sex-specific analyses, the association was almost linear in men over the entire range of exposure but only observed above 12 g/d in women, although with a steeper association at high levels of consumption compared with men. The increased risk of hypertension above 12 to 24 g alcohol/d was similar in Western and Asian populations and considerably greater in Whites than in Blacks, mainly due to the positive association in women at moderate-to-high intake. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results lend support to a causal association between alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension, especially above an alcohol intake of 12 g/d, and are consistent with recommendations to avoid or limit alcohol intake. Sex and ethnicity appear to be major effect-modifiers of such association.

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“…Despite genetic susceptibility playing a role in dementia’s etiology, known gene mutations explain only fewer than 10% of dementia cases. As a result, additional factors, including environmental and occupational exposures, as well as lifestyle and nutritional choices, may be implicated [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] and may even carry a greater weight in EOD than in LOD [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrial Fibrillation and Other Cardiovascular Factors and the Risk of Dementia: An Italian Case–Control Study

Mazzoli,

Chiari,

Vitolo

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Dementia is a major neurologic syndrome characterized by severe cognitive decline, and it has a detrimental impact on overall physical health, leading to conditions such as frailty, changes in gait, and fall risk. Depending on whether symptoms occur before or after the age of 65, it can be classified as early-onset (EOD) or late-onset (LOD) dementia. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of cardiovascular factors on EOD and LOD risk in an Italian population. Using a case–control study design, EOD and LOD cases were recruited at the Modena Cognitive Neurology Centers in 2016–2019. Controls were recruited among caregivers of all the dementia cases. Information about their demographics, lifestyles, and medical history were collected through a tailored questionnaire. We used the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the EOD and LOD risk associated with the investigated factors after adjusting for potential confounders. Of the final 146 participants, 58 were diagnosed with EOD, 34 with LOD, and 54 were controls. According to their medical history, atrial fibrillation was associated with increased disease risk (ORs 1.90; 95% CI 0.32–11.28, and 3.64; 95% CI 0.32–41.39 for EOD and LOD, respectively). Dyslipidemia and diabetes showed a positive association with EOD, while the association was negative for LOD. We could not evaluate the association between myocardial infarction and EOD, while increased risk was observed for LOD. No clear association emerged for carotid artery stenosis or valvular heart disease. In this study, despite the limited number of exposed subjects and the high imprecision of the estimates, we found positive associations between cardiovascular disease, particularly dyslipidemia, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation, and EOD.

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Dairy Intake and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death

Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death

Alcohol Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies

Atrial Fibrillation and Other Cardiovascular Factors and the Risk of Dementia: An Italian Case–Control Study

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