We present the results of the first Dalitz plot analysis of the decay D 0 → K − π þ η. The analysis is performed on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 953 fb −1 collected by the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy e þ e − KEKB collider. The Dalitz plot is well described by a combination of the six resonant decay channelsK Ã ð892Þ 0 η, K − a 0 ð980Þ þ , K − a 2 ð1320Þ þ ,K Ã ð1410Þ 0 η, K Ã ð1680Þ − π þ and K Ã 2 ð1980Þ − π þ , together with Kπ and Kη S-wave components. The decays K Ã ð1680Þ − → K − η and K Ã 2 ð1980Þ − → K − η are observed for the first time. We measure ratio of the branching fractions, BðD 0 →K − π þ ηÞ BðD 0 →K − π þ Þ ¼ 0.500 AE 0.002ðstatÞ AE 0.020ðsystÞ AE 0.003ðB PDG Þ. Using the Dalitz fit result, the ratio BðK Ã ð1680Þ→KηÞ BðK Ã ð1680Þ→KπÞ is measured to be 0.11 AE 0.02ðstatÞ þ0.06 −0.04 ðsystÞ AE 0.04ðB PDG Þ; this is much lower than the theoretical expectations (≈1) made under the assumption that K Ã ð1680Þ is a pure 1 3 D 1 state. The product branching fraction BðD 0 → ½K Ã 2 ð1980Þ − → K − ηπ þ Þ ¼ ð2.2 þ1.7 −1.9 Þ × 10 −4 is determined. In addition, the πη 0 contribution to the a 0 ð980Þ AE resonance shape is confirmed with 10.1σ statistical significance using the three-channel Flatté model. We also measure BðD 0 →K Ã ð892Þ 0 ηÞ ¼ ð1.41 þ0.13 −0.12 Þ%. This is consistent with, and more precise than, the current world average ð1.02 AE 0.30Þ%, deviates with a significance of more than 3σ from the theoretical predictions of (0.51-0.92)%.